Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

Victoria Hastings works as a sales manager at a bank and her behavior is characterized by the fundamental attribution error and halo effect. Explain with the help of an example what Hastings' behavior is most likely to be toward her team in such a situation.

Rose Buffay needs to give a presentation to the board of directors of her organization next week. She knows that her presentation will play an important role in her performance appraisal in the next quarter. However, she knows that two of her colleagues, John Roy and Keith Mathews, will also be giving a presentation on the same issue. She is nervous because she believes that men have a better flair for giving presentations. Buffay's perception of Roy and Mathews is most likely characterized by ________.

A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of six or nine months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by ________ bias.

What is escalation of commitment? Explain.

Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________.

Which of the following describes the halo effect?

Which of the following types of biases is most likely to play a significant role during a negotiation?

Explain how stereotyping can cause problems for some managers when making ethical decisions. Provide an example.

Describe confirmation bias.

Which of the following is a decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome?

Laura Simpson, a campaign manager at a child rights organization in Jakarta, planned a marathon for celebrities to raise money for underprivileged children. Though all arrangements for the event had been made, a few days before the event she realized that on the same day there was a political rally happening in the city which would block access to the route on which the marathon was supposed to be undertaken. In such a situation, what is Simpson, who suffers from self-serving bias, most likely to say?

________ is an unconscious process created from distilled experience.

________ bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.

People are usually not aware of the factors that influence their view of reality.

According to the concept of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

What are the three ethical decision criteria? Explain.

The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments is known as ________ bias.

Emily Boyce, a project manager at an insurance firm, regularly satisfices while making decisions. She often comes across complicated problems which would take a long time to resolve. Due to the pressing deadlines, she often meets project goals by satisficing a large number of her decisions. Which of the following is Boyce most likely to do?

A person's tendency to believe he or she can predict the outcome of random events is known as the self-serving bias.

Attribution theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.