Question 1

According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  distinctiveness 
B)  tractability 
C)  consensus 
D)  consistency 
E)  manageability 
A)  distinctiveness 
B)  tractability 
C)  consensus 
D)  consistency 
E)  manageability

Question 2

The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors is known as confirmation bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perception of reality is independent of one's personality. 
B)  Our perception of a target is not affected by the context of the situation in which the perception is made. 
C)  Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality. 
D)  Our perception of reality is independent of our past experiences. 
E)  We form a perception of a target by looking at it in isolation. 
A)  Perception of reality is independent of one's personality. 
B)  Our perception of a target is not affected by the context of the situation in which the perception is made. 
C)  Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality. 
D)  Our perception of reality is independent of our past experiences. 
E)  We form a perception of a target by looking at it in isolation.

Question 4

With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  weighing each criteria before making a decision 
B)  seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient 
C)  scrutinizing and evaluating each alternative in detail 
D)  selecting the best option with the highest utility 
E)  finding optimal solutions to problems 
A)  weighing each criteria before making a decision 
B)  seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient 
C)  scrutinizing and evaluating each alternative in detail 
D)  selecting the best option with the highest utility 
E)  finding optimal solutions to problems

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  An employee postpones a meeting because he overslept. 
B)  An employee is late to work because of a punctured tire. 
C)  An employee was fired because he violated a company policy. 
D)  An employee was promoted when he achieved more than the assigned objectives. 
E)  An employee closed a sale with an important corporate client because of his excellent negotiation skills. 
A)  An employee postpones a meeting because he overslept. 
B)  An employee is late to work because of a punctured tire. 
C)  An employee was fired because he violated a company policy. 
D)  An employee was promoted when he achieved more than the assigned objectives. 
E)  An employee closed a sale with an important corporate client because of his excellent negotiation skills.

Question 6

________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his or her own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Status quo 
B)  Self-serving 
C)  Distinction 
D)  Congruence 
E)  Anchoring 
A)  Status quo 
B)  Self-serving 
C)  Distinction 
D)  Congruence 
E)  Anchoring

Question 7

Explain hindsight bias.

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias is the tendency to believ

Question 8

Jane Allen, a campaign manager at a non-profit organization, often takes full credit for project successes even when her team members' contributions play a big role in achieving milestones. However, when projects receive setbacks, she blames her team members and sometimes states that the situation was beyond her control. Allen's behavior is an example of ________ bias.

Accepted Answer

A)  impact 
B)  anchoring 
C)  confirmation 
D)  distinction 
E)  self-serving 
A)  impact 
B)  anchoring 
C)  confirmation 
D)  distinction 
E)  self-serving

Question 9

According to the attribution theory, ________ is one of the three main factors which attempt to determine an individual's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  distinctiveness 
B)  perverseness 
C)  flexibleness 
D)  resilience 
E)  timorousness 
A)  distinctiveness 
B)  perverseness 
C)  flexibleness 
D)  resilience 
E)  timorousness

Question 10

What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?

Accepted Answer

A)  developing alternatives 
B)  defining the problem 
C)  identifying the decision criteria 
D)  weighing the decision criteria 
E)  evaluating the alternatives 
A)  developing alternatives 
B)  defining the problem 
C)  identifying the decision criteria 
D)  weighing the decision criteria 
E)  evaluating the alternatives

Question 11

Jessica recently joined a new company and was first introduced to Michelle, her cubicle neighbor. Michelle came across as amiable and cheerful. During lunch she met another colleague, Carrie, who did not come across as friendly as Michelle. In this situation, Jessica's interpretation of Carrie's personality is most likely to be affected by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  contrast effect 
C)  fundamental attribution error 
D)  self-serving bias 
E)  bandwagon effect 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  contrast effect 
C)  fundamental attribution error 
D)  self-serving bias 
E)  bandwagon effect

Question 12

Harriet Kirby, a fundraising manager at a women's rights organization, experienced a bad incident last year with the public relations manager of a banking company who had committed to sponsor a charity event. The bank backed out at the last minute. This year, when a renowned international bank executive showed interest in sponsoring the organization's upcoming annual event, Kirby rejected their participation. She felt that banks have a casual approach toward charity events and it is risky to involve them in the event. Which of the following best characterizes Kirby's decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  bandwagon effect 
E)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
A)  selective perception 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  bandwagon effect 
E)  self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 13

A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state.

Accepted Answer

A)  problem 
B)  decision 
C)  instinct 
D)  intuition 
E)  perception 
A)  problem 
B)  decision 
C)  instinct 
D)  intuition 
E)  perception

Question 14

An individual's cultural background can influence the selection of problems, the depth of analysis, the importance placed on logic and rationality, and whether organizational decisions should be made autocratically by an individual manner or collectively in groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Individuals engage in ________ because it is impossible for them to assimilate everything they see and can take in only certain stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  emotional labor 
E)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
A)  selective perception 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  emotional labor 
E)  self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 16

The perception of a target is unaffected by the perceiver's personality or past experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?

Accepted Answer

A)  It takes into consideration the limited information-processing capability of individuals. 
B)  It involves constructing simplified models without capturing all their complexity. 
C)  It deals with satisficing decisions by seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. 
D)  It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner. 
E)  It is an unconscious decision-making process created from distilled experience. 
A)  It takes into consideration the limited information-processing capability of individuals. 
B)  It involves constructing simplified models without capturing all their complexity. 
C)  It deals with satisficing decisions by seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. 
D)  It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner. 
E)  It is an unconscious decision-making process created from distilled experience.

Question 18

________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.

Accepted Answer

A)  Escalation of commitment 
B)  Fundamental attribution error 
C)  Randomness error 
D)  Risk aversion 
E)  Availability bias 
A)  Escalation of commitment 
B)  Fundamental attribution error 
C)  Randomness error 
D)  Risk aversion 
E)  Availability bias

Question 19

According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  a behavior that scores high on consensus 
B)  a behavior that scores low on distinctiveness 
C)  a behavior that scores high on consistency 
D)  a behavior that scores low on traceability 
E)  a behavior that scores high on rigidity 
A)  a behavior that scores high on consensus 
B)  a behavior that scores low on distinctiveness 
C)  a behavior that scores high on consistency 
D)  a behavior that scores low on traceability 
E)  a behavior that scores high on rigidity

Question 20

Explain the relationship between decision making and perception.

Accepted Answer

Individuals in organizations make decisi

According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________.

The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors is known as confirmation bias.

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve?

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his or her own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Explain hindsight bias.

According to the attribution theory, ________ is one of the three main factors which attempt to determine an individual's behavior.

What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?

A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state.

An individual's cultural background can influence the selection of problems, the depth of analysis, the importance placed on logic and rationality, and whether organizational decisions should be made autocratically by an individual manner or collectively in groups.

Individuals engage in ________ because it is impossible for them to assimilate everything they see and can take in only certain stimuli.

The perception of a target is unaffected by the perceiver's personality or past experiences.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?

________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.

According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause?

Explain the relationship between decision making and perception.

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Motivation Concepts

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters

Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________.

The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors is known as confirmation bias.

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve?

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his or her own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Explain hindsight bias.

According to the attribution theory, ________ is one of the three main factors which attempt to determine an individual's behavior.

What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?

A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state.

An individual's cultural background can influence the selection of problems, the depth of analysis, the importance placed on logic and rationality, and whether organizational decisions should be made autocratically by an individual manner or collectively in groups.

Individuals engage in ________ because it is impossible for them to assimilate everything they see and can take in only certain stimuli.

The perception of a target is unaffected by the perceiver's personality or past experiences.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?

________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.

According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause?

Explain the relationship between decision making and perception.

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Motivation Concepts

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters