Question 1

If complementary DNA strands were arranged in a parallel manner,what would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A) Complementary nucleotides would be attracted to each other,forming ionic bonds that would make the helix stable but not uniform in width. 
B) Charges of complementary nucleotides would repel and no hydrogen bonds would form. 
C) Complementary nucleotides would line up properly;but fewer hydrogen bonds would form,so the strands could be more easily pulled apart. 
D) Purines would pair with both purines and pyrimidines due to the closer alignment of the parallel strands. 
E) There would be no discernable difference between DNA strands aligned in a parallel versus antiparallel manner. 
A) Complementary nucleotides would be attracted to each other,forming ionic bonds that would make the helix stable but not uniform in width. 
B) Charges of complementary nucleotides would repel and no hydrogen bonds would form. 
C) Complementary nucleotides would line up properly;but fewer hydrogen bonds would form,so the strands could be more easily pulled apart. 
D) Purines would pair with both purines and pyrimidines due to the closer alignment of the parallel strands. 
E) There would be no discernable difference between DNA strands aligned in a parallel versus antiparallel manner.

Question 2

Describe the DNA helix structure proposed by Watson and Crick.What is the diameter of the helix and the distance between bases? What types of bonds are involved in stabilizing the DNA backbone,and what types of bonds are found between complementary base pairs? Why would a sequence containing high concentrations of G and C require more energy to break the bonds?

Accepted Answer

The DNA model contains two DNA polymer s

Question 3

The regions where DNA-binding proteins can make direct contact with exposed nucleotides are known as what?

Accepted Answer

major and

Question 4

What is the purpose of the DNA sequences found at the origins of replication?

Accepted Answer

binding re

Question 5

DNA polymerase requires a primer sequence to provide a ________ functional group to which the new DNA nucleotide can be added.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA polymerase requires a primer sequence to...

Question 6

What is required for DNA polymerase to initiate DNA strand synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) a short DNA primer synthesized by the enzyme primase 
B) a short RNA primer synthesized by the enzyme primase 
C) ATP and a short DNA primer synthesized by the enzyme topoisomerase 
D) ATP and a short RNA primer synthesized by the enzyme topoisomerase 
E) DNA polymerase initiates DNA strand synthesis without requiring any additional enzymes. 
A) a short DNA primer synthesized by the enzyme primase 
B) a short RNA primer synthesized by the enzyme primase 
C) ATP and a short DNA primer synthesized by the enzyme topoisomerase 
D) ATP and a short RNA primer synthesized by the enzyme topoisomerase 
E) DNA polymerase initiates DNA strand synthesis without requiring any additional enzymes.

Question 7

What is the overall direction of DNA strand elongation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the overall direction of DNA...

Question 8

How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?

Accepted Answer

higher GC

Question 9

Which of the following are classified as pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

A) adenine and thymine 
B) guanine and cytosine 
C) adenine and guanine 
D) thymine and cytosine 
E) adenine and uracil 
A) adenine and thymine 
B) guanine and cytosine 
C) adenine and guanine 
D) thymine and cytosine 
E) adenine and uracil

Question 10

If SSB is not present during DNA replication,what would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A) The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region. 
B) The DNA cannot bend,so hydrogen bonds in the 13-mer region of oriC remain intact. 
C) Helicase activity is inhibited,so DNA strands cannot be separated. 
D) SSB carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA,so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
E) SSB prevents reannealing of the separated strands,so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed. 
A) The replisome complex would not assemble on the oriC region. 
B) The DNA cannot bend,so hydrogen bonds in the 13-mer region of oriC remain intact. 
C) Helicase activity is inhibited,so DNA strands cannot be separated. 
D) SSB carries the helicase protein to the open region of DNA,so hydrolysis and strand separation will not occur. 
E) SSB prevents reannealing of the separated strands,so strands would quickly reanneal and DNA replication cannot proceed.

Question 11

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally,while bacterial chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
B) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication and replicate bidirectionally,while bacteria have only one origin of replication and replicate unidirectionally. 
C) Bacterial chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally,while eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
D) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication,while bacteria have only one origin of replication. 
E) The process is identical in bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication. 
A) Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally,while bacterial chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
B) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication and replicate bidirectionally,while bacteria have only one origin of replication and replicate unidirectionally. 
C) Bacterial chromosomes are replicated bidirectionally,while eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in one direction. 
D) Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication,while bacteria have only one origin of replication. 
E) The process is identical in bacterial and eukaryotic DNA replication.

Question 12

What well-characterized sequence in E.coli is 245 bp,AT-rich,and divided into three 13-mers and four 9-mers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What well-characterized sequence in E.coli is 245...

Question 13

What did Okazaki's discovery of the short segments of DNA reveal about DNA replication on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

It is disc

Question 14

Which enzyme,a combination of several proteins and a molecule of tRNA,acts as the template for the telomere repeat DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which enzyme,a combination of several proteins and...

Question 15

What characteristic of the polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus makes it unique and highly useful for maintaining the enzyme efficiency during PCR?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What characteristic of the polymerase isolated from...

Question 16

Which of the following temperature cycles would you expect to see in a standard polymerase chain reaction (from denaturation to annealing to extension)?

Accepted Answer

A) 95° → 72° → 55° 
B) 45° → 72° → 95° 
C) 95° → 55° → 72° 
D) 95° → 72° → 95° 
E) 75° → 95° → 45° 
A) 95° → 72° → 55° 
B) 45° → 72° → 95° 
C) 95° → 55° → 72° 
D) 95° → 72° → 95° 
E) 75° → 95° → 45°

Question 17

In the Hershey-Chase experiment,what was labeled by growing bacteriophage in ³²P-containing medium?

Accepted Answer

A) ghost phage particles 
B) proteins 
C) lipids 
D) DNA 
E) RNA 
A) ghost phage particles 
B) proteins 
C) lipids 
D) DNA 
E) RNA

Question 18

DNA polymerase III is functional,but it seems to exhibit extremely low processivity.This is likely a defect in what structure?

Accepted Answer

A) the τ proteins 
B) the pol III holoenzyme 
C) the clamp loader 
D) the topoisomerase enzyme 
E) the sliding clamp 
A) the τ proteins 
B) the pol III holoenzyme 
C) the clamp loader 
D) the topoisomerase enzyme 
E) the sliding clamp

Question 19

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleotides are found in DNA,while nucleosides are found in RNA. 
B) Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication,while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication. 
C) Nucleosides contain only deoxyribose sugars. 
D) A nucleoside with a phosphate ester linked to the sugar is a nucleotide. 
E) Nucleosides are purines,while nucleotides are pyrimidines. 
A) Nucleotides are found in DNA,while nucleosides are found in RNA. 
B) Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication,while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication. 
C) Nucleosides contain only deoxyribose sugars. 
D) A nucleoside with a phosphate ester linked to the sugar is a nucleotide. 
E) Nucleosides are purines,while nucleotides are pyrimidines.

Question 20

DNA polymerase catalyzes DNA strand elongation by removing what from the dNTPs?

Accepted Answer

two phosph

Exam 7: DNA Structure and Replication

If complementary DNA strands were arranged in a parallel manner,what would you expect to see?

The regions where DNA-binding proteins can make direct contact with exposed nucleotides are known as what?

What is the purpose of the DNA sequences found at the origins of replication?

DNA polymerase requires a primer sequence to provide a ________ functional group to which the new DNA nucleotide can be added.

What is required for DNA polymerase to initiate DNA strand synthesis?

What is the overall direction of DNA strand elongation?

How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?

Which of the following are classified as pyrimidines?

If SSB is not present during DNA replication,what would you expect to see?

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

What well-characterized sequence in E.coli is 245 bp,AT-rich,and divided into three 13-mers and four 9-mers?

What did Okazaki's discovery of the short segments of DNA reveal about DNA replication on the lagging strand?

Which enzyme,a combination of several proteins and a molecule of tRNA,acts as the template for the telomere repeat DNA sequence?

What characteristic of the polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus makes it unique and highly useful for maintaining the enzyme efficiency during PCR?

Which of the following temperature cycles would you expect to see in a standard polymerase chain reaction (from denaturation to annealing to extension)?

In the Hershey-Chase experiment,what was labeled by growing bacteriophage in ³²P-containing medium?

DNA polymerase III is functional,but it seems to exhibit extremely low processivity.This is likely a defect in what structure?

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

DNA polymerase catalyzes DNA strand elongation by removing what from the dNTPs?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

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