Question 1

According to the availability heuristic, the tendency to judge the probability of an event depends on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the burden of doubt people feel about their abilities to determine probability from available information. 
B)  whether or not the event is more available mentally than other types of events. 
C)  statistical consideration of the frequency with which the event occurs in everyday life. 
D)  the need to be right, which makes it hard to listen to the available information with an open mind. 
A)  the burden of doubt people feel about their abilities to determine probability from available information. 
B)  whether or not the event is more available mentally than other types of events. 
C)  statistical consideration of the frequency with which the event occurs in everyday life. 
D)  the need to be right, which makes it hard to listen to the available information with an open mind.

Question 2

A/An ________ is a set of procedures guaranteed to produce a solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm 
B)  prototype 
C)  heuristic 
D)  deduction 
A)  algorithm 
B)  prototype 
C)  heuristic 
D)  deduction

Question 3

The text discussed four elements of cognition: concepts, mental images, cognitive schemas, and propositions. In the diagram below, fill in the appropriate labels to create a visual summary of the elements of cognition.

Accepted Answer

A correct answer wil

Question 4

In order to arrive at a verdict, juries are supposed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  use an algorithm to make sure that the decision produces a just result. 
B)  engage in dialectical reasoning for and against the defendant's guilt. 
C)  make sure all the premises have been supplied by the attorneys. 
D)  use deductive reasoning so the verdict necessarily follows from the evidence. 
A)  use an algorithm to make sure that the decision produces a just result. 
B)  engage in dialectical reasoning for and against the defendant's guilt. 
C)  make sure all the premises have been supplied by the attorneys. 
D)  use deductive reasoning so the verdict necessarily follows from the evidence.

Question 5

When individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms, they would rate a condom as effective if they were told:

Accepted Answer

A)  that only 5 condom users out of every 100 are not protected against the AIDS virus. 
B)  any of the options listed here, because each option describes the same probability. 
C)  that the condom had a 5% failure rate in protecting against the AIDS virus. 
D)  that the condom had a 95% success rate in protecting against the AIDS virus. 
A)  that only 5 condom users out of every 100 are not protected against the AIDS virus. 
B)  any of the options listed here, because each option describes the same probability. 
C)  that the condom had a 5% failure rate in protecting against the AIDS virus. 
D)  that the condom had a 95% success rate in protecting against the AIDS virus.

Question 6

________ refers to the practical application of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Creative intelligence 
B)  Componential intelligence 
C)  Contextual intelligence 
D)  Experiential intelligence 
A)  Creative intelligence 
B)  Componential intelligence 
C)  Contextual intelligence 
D)  Experiential intelligence

Question 7

The tendency to think, mistakenly, that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  anthropomorphism. 
B)  stereotype threat. 
C)  tacit knowledge. 
D)  anthropodenial. 
A)  anthropomorphism. 
B)  stereotype threat. 
C)  tacit knowledge. 
D)  anthropodenial.

Question 8

Match each definition with the appropriate term.
-an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world

Accepted Answer

A) theory of mind 
B) proposition 
C) cognitive schema 
D) mental image 
E) concept 
A) theory of mind 
B) proposition 
C) cognitive schema 
D) mental image 
E) concept

Question 9

If your premises are "I didn't see any cars on Mackinac Island my first day here" and "I didn't see any cars the rest of the week either," then you might reasonably reach the conclusion, "There aren't any cars on Mackinac Island". This kind of reasoning is called ________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive 
B)  dialectical 
C)  deductive 
D)  formal 
A)  inductive 
B)  dialectical 
C)  deductive 
D)  formal

Question 10

Alfred Binet's insight regarding a method of measuring mental development had an international impact in the twentieth century. Explain how he went about calculating a child's mental abilities. In what ways did the purpose behind the test change when Lewis Terman revised Binet's test for use in North America?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 11

MariAnne is eager to try her hand at making a pumpkin pie for her family's Thanksgiving dessert. The most effective way to approach this task is by means of:

Accepted Answer

A)  reflective judgment. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  heuristics. 
D)  dialectical thinking. 
A)  reflective judgment. 
B)  an algorithm. 
C)  heuristics. 
D)  dialectical thinking.

Question 12

According to our textbook, intelligence is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes, using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world and about his or her own specific mental talents. 
B)  an inborn, global characteristic of an individual usually defined as the innate ability to notice similarities between objects, create logical sequences out of disordered events, and acquire information. 
C)  a measure of memory, vocabulary, and perceptual discrimination that was originally computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100. 
D)  an inferred characteristic of an individual usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment. 
A)  the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes, using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world and about his or her own specific mental talents. 
B)  an inborn, global characteristic of an individual usually defined as the innate ability to notice similarities between objects, create logical sequences out of disordered events, and acquire information. 
C)  a measure of memory, vocabulary, and perceptual discrimination that was originally computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100. 
D)  an inferred characteristic of an individual usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment.

Question 13

The formula for determining IQ had a serious flaw in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the formula did not make sense for use with adults. 
B)  it overemphasized performance IQ in the computations. 
C)  the formula did not separate the "g factor" from specific abilities. 
D)  it overemphasized verbal IQ in the computations. 
A)  the formula did not make sense for use with adults. 
B)  it overemphasized performance IQ in the computations. 
C)  the formula did not separate the "g factor" from specific abilities. 
D)  it overemphasized verbal IQ in the computations.

Question 14

What is the g factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  the general test of intelligence 
B)  mental age 
C)  generalized IQ 
D)  general intellectual ability 
A)  the general test of intelligence 
B)  mental age 
C)  generalized IQ 
D)  general intellectual ability

Question 15

Asian school teachers and students are more likely than their North American counterparts to believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)  small classes and high-technology resources are imperative for a quality education. 
B)  mathematical ability is innate and either you have it or you don't. 
C)  the secret to doing well in mathematics is working hard. 
D)  lower standards are acceptable because children need time for exercise and play. 
A)  small classes and high-technology resources are imperative for a quality education. 
B)  mathematical ability is innate and either you have it or you don't. 
C)  the secret to doing well in mathematics is working hard. 
D)  lower standards are acceptable because children need time for exercise and play.

Question 16

According to the availability heuristic, Jayne and her husband are most likely to exaggerate the risk to their children caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  accidental drowning. 
B)  being kidnapped. 
C)  delinquency. 
D)  depression. 
A)  accidental drowning. 
B)  being kidnapped. 
C)  delinquency. 
D)  depression.

Question 17

Dawn and Erin can't figure out how they can fit two lofts, a futon, a computer, and a refrigerator into their small dorm room! Just when it seems hopeless, Erin says, "Aha. I've got it!" and begins moving the items. Erin's sudden revelation is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  clues that triggered nonconscious processing about the room arrangement followed by conscious awareness of the solution. 
B)  subconscious processing and automatic routines that she has learned so that she can perform them without thinking. 
C)  beginning the task in a state of mindlessness but then directing her conscious thinking to the task at hand. 
D)  simplifying the process by imagining a prototype of a college dorm room and then making a decision based on the prototype. 
A)  clues that triggered nonconscious processing about the room arrangement followed by conscious awareness of the solution. 
B)  subconscious processing and automatic routines that she has learned so that she can perform them without thinking. 
C)  beginning the task in a state of mindlessness but then directing her conscious thinking to the task at hand. 
D)  simplifying the process by imagining a prototype of a college dorm room and then making a decision based on the prototype.

Question 18

How does the focus of the cognitive theories of intelligence differ from the focus of psychometric theories? How do the two approaches define intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 19

The broadening of the notion of intelligence through Gardner's theory has been useful for all of the following reasons EXCEPT it has:

Accepted Answer

A)  led to more critical thinking about what we mean by intelligence. 
B)  led to a focus on teaching children practical strategies for improving their abilities. 
C)  clarified the difference between domains of intelligence and talents. 
D)  forced psychologists to go beyond "g." 
A)  led to more critical thinking about what we mean by intelligence. 
B)  led to a focus on teaching children practical strategies for improving their abilities. 
C)  clarified the difference between domains of intelligence and talents. 
D)  forced psychologists to go beyond "g."

Question 20

The first widely used intelligence test was devised in 1904, when Alfred Binet was asked to:

Accepted Answer

A)  categorize school children into those who were innately gifted and those who were average. 
B)  identify children who were slow learners so that they could be given remedial work. 
C)  assess members of the French military to select individuals with the greatest potential. 
D)  assess the nonverbal skills of individuals to see how they compared to verbal reasoning skills. 
A)  categorize school children into those who were innately gifted and those who were average. 
B)  identify children who were slow learners so that they could be given remedial work. 
C)  assess members of the French military to select individuals with the greatest potential. 
D)  assess the nonverbal skills of individuals to see how they compared to verbal reasoning skills.

According to the availability heuristic, the tendency to judge the probability of an event depends on:

A/An ________ is a set of procedures guaranteed to produce a solution.

The text discussed four elements of cognition: concepts, mental images, cognitive schemas, and propositions. In the diagram below, fill in the appropriate labels to create a visual summary of the elements of cognition.

In order to arrive at a verdict, juries are supposed to:

When individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms, they would rate a condom as effective if they were told:

________ refers to the practical application of intelligence.

The tendency to think, mistakenly, that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called:

Match each definition with the appropriate term. -an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world

If your premises are "I didn't see any cars on Mackinac Island my first day here" and "I didn't see any cars the rest of the week either," then you might reasonably reach the conclusion, "There aren't any cars on Mackinac Island". This kind of reasoning is called ________ reasoning.

MariAnne is eager to try her hand at making a pumpkin pie for her family's Thanksgiving dessert. The most effective way to approach this task is by means of:

According to our textbook, intelligence is defined as:

The formula for determining IQ had a serious flaw in that:

What is the g factor?

Asian school teachers and students are more likely than their North American counterparts to believe that:

According to the availability heuristic, Jayne and her husband are most likely to exaggerate the risk to their children caused by:

Dawn and Erin can't figure out how they can fit two lofts, a futon, a computer, and a refrigerator into their small dorm room! Just when it seems hopeless, Erin says, "Aha. I've got it!" and begins moving the items. Erin's sudden revelation is most likely due to:

How does the focus of the cognitive theories of intelligence differ from the focus of psychometric theories? How do the two approaches define intelligence?

The broadening of the notion of intelligence through Gardner's theory has been useful for all of the following reasons EXCEPT it has:

The first widely used intelligence test was devised in 1904, when Alfred Binet was asked to:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

According to the availability heuristic, the tendency to judge the probability of an event depends on:

A/An ________ is a set of procedures guaranteed to produce a solution.

The text discussed four elements of cognition: concepts, mental images, cognitive schemas, and propositions. In the diagram below, fill in the appropriate labels to create a visual summary of the elements of cognition.

In order to arrive at a verdict, juries are supposed to:

When individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms, they would rate a condom as effective if they were told:

________ refers to the practical application of intelligence.

The tendency to think, mistakenly, that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called:

Match each definition with the appropriate term. -an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world

If your premises are "I didn't see any cars on Mackinac Island my first day here" and "I didn't see any cars the rest of the week either," then you might reasonably reach the conclusion, "There aren't any cars on Mackinac Island". This kind of reasoning is called ________ reasoning.

MariAnne is eager to try her hand at making a pumpkin pie for her family's Thanksgiving dessert. The most effective way to approach this task is by means of:

According to our textbook, intelligence is defined as:

The formula for determining IQ had a serious flaw in that:

What is the g factor?

Asian school teachers and students are more likely than their North American counterparts to believe that:

According to the availability heuristic, Jayne and her husband are most likely to exaggerate the risk to their children caused by:

Dawn and Erin can't figure out how they can fit two lofts, a futon, a computer, and a refrigerator into their small dorm room! Just when it seems hopeless, Erin says, "Aha. I've got it!" and begins moving the items. Erin's sudden revelation is most likely due to:

How does the focus of the cognitive theories of intelligence differ from the focus of psychometric theories? How do the two approaches define intelligence?

The broadening of the notion of intelligence through Gardner's theory has been useful for all of the following reasons EXCEPT it has:

The first widely used intelligence test was devised in 1904, when Alfred Binet was asked to:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters