Question 1

Caleb is surprised when his girlfriend eats the sugar-coated flower on her dinner plate because he had assumed that the flower was garnish. It is evident that:

Accepted Answer

A)  edible flowers would be considered prototypes of Caleb's concept of food. 
B)  mental set has influenced the way that Caleb's girlfriend acts to a novel item on her plate. 
C)  Caleb's girlfriend is exhibiting the concept of mindlessness. 
D)  Caleb's concept of flowers did not include the quality of being edible. 
A)  edible flowers would be considered prototypes of Caleb's concept of food. 
B)  mental set has influenced the way that Caleb's girlfriend acts to a novel item on her plate. 
C)  Caleb's girlfriend is exhibiting the concept of mindlessness. 
D)  Caleb's concept of flowers did not include the quality of being edible.

Question 2

Research conducted with rhesus monkeys suggests that monkeys have a rudimentary sense of number.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Karen Kitchener and Patricia King asked adolescents and adults to explain how they had decided to adopt a particular stance on a controversial issue. The responses were categorized in seven stages of reflective thought that could be combined into three groups:
- pre-reflective judgment
- quasi-reflective judgment
- reflective judgment
Describe the typical responses from individuals from each of these three groups. Analyze the gradual development of thinking skills among undergraduate and graduate college students.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 4

Intuition involves two stages of mental processing. The first stage is ________ and the second stage is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit; implicit 
B)  effort; automatic 
C)  nonconscious; conscious 
D)  subconscious; nonconscious 
A)  explicit; implicit 
B)  effort; automatic 
C)  nonconscious; conscious 
D)  subconscious; nonconscious

Question 5

Define your terms! In Chapter 1 we learned that this was an important guideline in regard to critical thinking. People refer to intelligence all the time, but how is intelligence defined? Does the musical genius of a world-class violinist such as Anne-Sophie Mutter count as intelligence? Based on your reading of Chapter 9, describe different ways that intelligence has been defined.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 6

Stereotype threat has been shown to affect the test performance of ________, who perform better on tests when they are not feeling self-conscious about themselves as members of negatively stereotyped groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  men 
B)  middle-income people 
C)  elderly people 
D)  children 
A)  men 
B)  middle-income people 
C)  elderly people 
D)  children

Question 7

In North American culture, you would be particularly likely to try to reduce cognitive dissonance when:

Accepted Answer

A)  your college advisor suggests a foreign language course that turns out to be too basic for you. 
B)  you arrive at a vacation spot only to find that it is much more expensive than you had anticipated. 
C)  you disrupt the harmony of your tennis team, but your actions are consistent with your self-concept. 
D)  you are hired at the first office at which you submit your application, but you don't like the job. 
A)  your college advisor suggests a foreign language course that turns out to be too basic for you. 
B)  you arrive at a vacation spot only to find that it is much more expensive than you had anticipated. 
C)  you disrupt the harmony of your tennis team, but your actions are consistent with your self-concept. 
D)  you are hired at the first office at which you submit your application, but you don't like the job.

Question 8

The day after the election, Josephine says that she knew all along who the winner would be. She is:

Accepted Answer

A)  exaggerating the improbable. 
B)  exhibiting hindsight bias. 
C)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
D)  avoiding loss. 
A)  exaggerating the improbable. 
B)  exhibiting hindsight bias. 
C)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
D)  avoiding loss.

Question 9

Pre-reflective stages of thought involve the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a correct answer always exists. 
B)  some judgments are more valid than others. 
C)  all opinions are created equal. 
D)  some things can never be known with certainty. 
A)  a correct answer always exists. 
B)  some judgments are more valid than others. 
C)  all opinions are created equal. 
D)  some things can never be known with certainty.

Question 10

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game, but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing. He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  declarative learning. 
B)  semantic learning. 
C)  episodic learning. 
D)  implicit learning. 
A)  declarative learning. 
B)  semantic learning. 
C)  episodic learning. 
D)  implicit learning.

Question 11

In studies of business managers and salespeople, tacit knowledge is a strong predictor of effectiveness on the job.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Implicit learning primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  subconscious processes. 
B)  mindlessness. 
C)  unconscious processes. 
D)  nonconscious processes. 
A)  subconscious processes. 
B)  mindlessness. 
C)  unconscious processes. 
D)  nonconscious processes.

Question 13

Reasoning may involve a nonconscious, impulsive response as well as purposeful mental activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties is called a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  concept. 
B)  mental set. 
C)  algorithm. 
D)  prototype. 
A)  concept. 
B)  mental set. 
C)  algorithm. 
D)  prototype.

Question 15

David Wechsler designed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in order to produce a:

Accepted Answer

A)  culture-free IQ score and a general knowledge IQ score. 
B)  componential IQ score, an experiential IQ score, and a contextual IQ score. 
C)  tacit knowledge IQ score and an emotional intelligence IQ score. 
D)  general IQ score, a verbal IQ score, and a performance IQ score. 
A)  culture-free IQ score and a general knowledge IQ score. 
B)  componential IQ score, an experiential IQ score, and a contextual IQ score. 
C)  tacit knowledge IQ score and an emotional intelligence IQ score. 
D)  general IQ score, a verbal IQ score, and a performance IQ score.

Question 16

Describe the three conditions under which a person is particularly likely to try to reduce dissonance.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 17

If Mary chooses to buy a raffle ticket that has a 5% chance of winning over one that has a 95% chance of losing, she is:

Accepted Answer

A)  exaggerating the improbable. 
B)  exhibiting hindsight bias. 
C)  avoiding loss. 
D)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
A)  exaggerating the improbable. 
B)  exhibiting hindsight bias. 
C)  avoiding loss. 
D)  exhibiting confirmation bias.

Question 18

According to our textbook, intelligence is defined as the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes, using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Children in China typically outperform children in North America on tests of mathematical ability because Chinese children:

Accepted Answer

A)  go to better schools. 
B)  value education more. 
C)  have better schools. 
D)  have more innate mathematical ability. 
A)  go to better schools. 
B)  value education more. 
C)  have better schools. 
D)  have more innate mathematical ability.

Question 20

As an African Canadian, Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence. When he is given an intelligence test, it is most likely that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sanyu's test score will be unaffected but he will feel uncomfortable throughout the test. 
B)  Sanyu's awareness of the stereotype will motivate him to excel on the test. 
C)  Sanyu will return the test to the administrator completely blank. 
D)  Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the stereotype may worsen his test performance. 
A)  Sanyu's test score will be unaffected but he will feel uncomfortable throughout the test. 
B)  Sanyu's awareness of the stereotype will motivate him to excel on the test. 
C)  Sanyu will return the test to the administrator completely blank. 
D)  Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the stereotype may worsen his test performance.

Caleb is surprised when his girlfriend eats the sugar-coated flower on her dinner plate because he had assumed that the flower was garnish. It is evident that:

Research conducted with rhesus monkeys suggests that monkeys have a rudimentary sense of number.

Intuition involves two stages of mental processing. The first stage is and the second stage is .

Stereotype threat has been shown to affect the test performance of ________, who perform better on tests when they are not feeling self-conscious about themselves as members of negatively stereotyped groups.

In North American culture, you would be particularly likely to try to reduce cognitive dissonance when:

The day after the election, Josephine says that she knew all along who the winner would be. She is:

Pre-reflective stages of thought involve the belief that:

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game, but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing. He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called:

In studies of business managers and salespeople, tacit knowledge is a strong predictor of effectiveness on the job.

Implicit learning primarily involves:

Reasoning may involve a nonconscious, impulsive response as well as purposeful mental activity.

A mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties is called a/an:

David Wechsler designed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in order to produce a:

Describe the three conditions under which a person is particularly likely to try to reduce dissonance.

If Mary chooses to buy a raffle ticket that has a 5% chance of winning over one that has a 95% chance of losing, she is:

According to our textbook, intelligence is defined as the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes, using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world.

Children in China typically outperform children in North America on tests of mathematical ability because Chinese children:

As an African Canadian, Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence. When he is given an intelligence test, it is most likely that:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

Caleb is surprised when his girlfriend eats the sugar-coated flower on her dinner plate because he had assumed that the flower was garnish. It is evident that:

Research conducted with rhesus monkeys suggests that monkeys have a rudimentary sense of number.

Intuition involves two stages of mental processing. The first stage is ________ and the second stage is ________.

Stereotype threat has been shown to affect the test performance of ________, who perform better on tests when they are not feeling self-conscious about themselves as members of negatively stereotyped groups.

In North American culture, you would be particularly likely to try to reduce cognitive dissonance when:

The day after the election, Josephine says that she knew all along who the winner would be. She is:

Pre-reflective stages of thought involve the belief that:

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game, but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing. He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called:

In studies of business managers and salespeople, tacit knowledge is a strong predictor of effectiveness on the job.

Implicit learning primarily involves:

Reasoning may involve a nonconscious, impulsive response as well as purposeful mental activity.

A mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties is called a/an:

David Wechsler designed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in order to produce a:

Describe the three conditions under which a person is particularly likely to try to reduce dissonance.

If Mary chooses to buy a raffle ticket that has a 5% chance of winning over one that has a 95% chance of losing, she is:

According to our textbook, intelligence is defined as the learned ability of an individual to become aware of his or her own mental processes, using these processes to become knowledgeable about the external world.

Children in China typically outperform children in North America on tests of mathematical ability because Chinese children:

As an African Canadian, Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence. When he is given an intelligence test, it is most likely that:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Intuition involves two stages of mental processing. The first stage is and the second stage is .