Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

Match each definition with the appropriate term. -a general intellectual ability assumed by many theorists to underlie specific mental abilities and talents

There are two kinds of reasoning, formal and informal. Compare and contrast these two modes of thought in regard to: * premises. * number and quality of answers. * presence of established procedures. * recognition that the problem is solved. * real world or personal relevance.

Tracy does not have an unusually high IQ, but at work she was quickly promoted because she knows how to set priorities, communicate with management, and make others feel valued. Tracy has ________ about how to succeed on the job.

As Alyson awaits the birth of her first grandchild she says that she doesn't care if the baby is a boy or a girl as long as it is healthy. But as she holds her newborn granddaughter, Alyson says that she had known all along that it was the little girl she had hoped for! The barrier to rational reasoning illustrated by Alyson is called:

Reasoning is purposeful mental activity that involves operating on information in order to reach conclusions.

Which of the following animals learned to understand English words, short sentences, and keyboard symbols without formal training?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of informal reasoning?

Which of the following is associated with creativity?

A tendency to solve problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems is called:

Tacit knowledge refers to:

According to our textbook, intelligence is defined as a measure of memory and vocabulary that was originally computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age.

Cognitive bias occurs when people exaggerate the probability of very rare events if their consequences are catastrophic. How does the availability heuristic enhance this kind of bias?

After using the same mathematical formula to solve the first 9 problems of her homework assignment, a student automatically starts problem number 10 using the same solution strategy. The student is demonstrating:

When we think of mindlessness, our usual focus is on the mishaps that may occur. But mindlessness has its benefits too! Create an example that illustrates one of the benefits of the mindless processing of information.

Match each definition with the appropriate term. -a mental representation that mirrors or resembles the thing it represents

A two-year-old has just figured out that the soft, furry, four-legged creatures that she loves so much are "cats." Her mental representation of this category is called a:

Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of one's own cognitive processes and how they can be used effectively.

Our authors note that the rules of formal logic are crucial to have in your mental toolbox. How do deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning differ from one another? Include an example of each as you compare and contrast them.

When people have strong feelings on an issue, they usually try to consider all of the information relevant to that issue.

Many people report mental images in the sensory modalities of smell, touch, taste, and pain.