Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA codes for the cell nucleic acids. 
B) Proteins are assembled from a DNA template. 
C) DNA directs the synthesis of amino acids. 
D) Messenger RNA carries amino acids to the transfer RNA template. 
E) There are four different types of RNA. 
A) DNA codes for the cell nucleic acids. 
B) Proteins are assembled from a DNA template. 
C) DNA directs the synthesis of amino acids. 
D) Messenger RNA carries amino acids to the transfer RNA template. 
E) There are four different types of RNA. B

Question 2

DNA differs from RNA in that

Accepted Answer

A) the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. 
B) the four nucleotides in DNA and RNA are completely different. 
C) DNA has more than one function in the cell. 
D) DNA carries genetic information but RNA does not. 
E) DNA is single stranded,whereas RNA is double stranded. 
A) the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. 
B) the four nucleotides in DNA and RNA are completely different. 
C) DNA has more than one function in the cell. 
D) DNA carries genetic information but RNA does not. 
E) DNA is single stranded,whereas RNA is double stranded. A

Question 3

Which of the following methods is used to determine whether a particular nucleotide sequence is present in a DNA sample?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA fingerprinting. 
B) Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFG
E) . 
C) DNA probes. 
D) Southern blot. 
E) All of the above. 
A) DNA fingerprinting. 
B) Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFG
E) . 
C) DNA probes. 
D) Southern blot. 
E) All of the above. E

Question 4

The structure of DNA is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) a single chain twisted around itself. 
B) a random mixture of deoxyribose,phosphate,adenine,guanine,thymine and cytosine. 
C) two complementary chains of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds. 
D) two chains of phosphate and ribose wound in a double helix. 
E) a backbone of nucleotide bases with phosphate and deoxyribose molecules attached. 
A) a single chain twisted around itself. 
B) a random mixture of deoxyribose,phosphate,adenine,guanine,thymine and cytosine. 
C) two complementary chains of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds. 
D) two chains of phosphate and ribose wound in a double helix. 
E) a backbone of nucleotide bases with phosphate and deoxyribose molecules attached.

Question 5

Biotechnology refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the various techniques for manipulating DNA. 
B) the use of methods for harvesting microorganisms from nature. 
C) the use of vaccines to prevent disease. 
D) the use of antibiotics to treat disease. 
E) the development of microorganisms that prevent disease. 
A) the various techniques for manipulating DNA. 
B) the use of methods for harvesting microorganisms from nature. 
C) the use of vaccines to prevent disease. 
D) the use of antibiotics to treat disease. 
E) the development of microorganisms that prevent disease.

Question 6

Which of the following methods is used to distinguish between different strains of a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) Specialised transduction. 
B) Growth characteristics. 
C) Pulse field gel electrophoresis. 
D) Colony morphology. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Specialised transduction. 
B) Growth characteristics. 
C) Pulse field gel electrophoresis. 
D) Colony morphology. 
E) All of the above.

Question 7

Genetic engineering involves

Accepted Answer

A) the manipulation of microbial cells to produce specialised end products. 
B) the use of plasmids to introduce new characteristics into a bacterial cell. 
C) infection of bacteria by phage carrying specialised genes. 
D) the use of restriction enzymes to isolate specific gene sequences. 
E) all of the above. 
A) the manipulation of microbial cells to produce specialised end products. 
B) the use of plasmids to introduce new characteristics into a bacterial cell. 
C) infection of bacteria by phage carrying specialised genes. 
D) the use of restriction enzymes to isolate specific gene sequences. 
E) all of the above.

Question 8

During bacterial conjugation

Accepted Answer

A) a bacteriophage may infect a cell and cause it to lyse. 
B) a phage is introduced into a bacterium to alter its DNA. 
C) transformed DNA is transferred to a new cell. 
D) a plasmid is transferred from one cell to another. 
E) An endospore is formed containing the new DNA. 
A) a bacteriophage may infect a cell and cause it to lyse. 
B) a phage is introduced into a bacterium to alter its DNA. 
C) transformed DNA is transferred to a new cell. 
D) a plasmid is transferred from one cell to another. 
E) An endospore is formed containing the new DNA.

Question 9

An enzyme that can break a DNA molecule at a specific point is called a

Accepted Answer

A) point mutase. 
B) restriction endonuclease. 
C) reverse transcriptase. 
D) point depolymerase. 
E) none of the above. 
A) point mutase. 
B) restriction endonuclease. 
C) reverse transcriptase. 
D) point depolymerase. 
E) none of the above.

Question 10

The ability of some bacteria to take up fragments of DNA from their environment and incorporate them into their own DNA is called

Accepted Answer

A) polymerisation. 
B) conjugation. 
C) transduction. 
D) aggregation. 
E) transformation. 
A) polymerisation. 
B) conjugation. 
C) transduction. 
D) aggregation. 
E) transformation.

Question 11

The term used to indicate that a cell produces a protein from a gene is

Accepted Answer

A) specialised transformation. 
B) gene expression. 
C) genetic recombination. 
D) protein conjugation. 
E) reverse transcription. 
A) specialised transformation. 
B) gene expression. 
C) genetic recombination. 
D) protein conjugation. 
E) reverse transcription.

Question 12

An analysis of the chemical structure of DNA reveals that the amount of

Accepted Answer

A) thymine equals that of adenine. 
B) uracil equals adenine. 
C) guanine equals thymine. 
D) cytosine equals uracil. 
E) adenine equals cytosine. 
A) thymine equals that of adenine. 
B) uracil equals adenine. 
C) guanine equals thymine. 
D) cytosine equals uracil. 
E) adenine equals cytosine.

Question 13

The synthesis of a protein requires the process of

Accepted Answer

A) conjugation followed by recombination. 
B) recombination followed by conjugation. 
C) transcription followed by translation. 
D) translation followed by recombination. 
E) transcription followed by recombination. 
A) conjugation followed by recombination. 
B) recombination followed by conjugation. 
C) transcription followed by translation. 
D) translation followed by recombination. 
E) transcription followed by recombination.

Question 14

Mutation in bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) occurs at the rate of about once in every 109 cell divisions. 
B) may occur as a result of exposure to radiation. 
C) may result in the organism acquiring better characteristics. 
D) may result the organism becoming resistant to antibiotics. 
E) all of the above. 
A) occurs at the rate of about once in every 109 cell divisions. 
B) may occur as a result of exposure to radiation. 
C) may result in the organism acquiring better characteristics. 
D) may result the organism becoming resistant to antibiotics. 
E) all of the above.

Question 15

Recombinant DNA

Accepted Answer

A) is the new DNA produced as a result of mutation. 
B) is the result of new genes being transferred to a DNA molecule. 
C) is formed when errors in transcription occur. 
D) is the term used for DNA once it has zipped back up following transcription. 
E) usually makes the cell non-viable. 
A) is the new DNA produced as a result of mutation. 
B) is the result of new genes being transferred to a DNA molecule. 
C) is formed when errors in transcription occur. 
D) is the term used for DNA once it has zipped back up following transcription. 
E) usually makes the cell non-viable.

Question 16

A vaccine that is made from viral antigens produced in yeast cells

Accepted Answer

A) is likely to be a weaker type. 
B) can only be used in animals. 
C) is said to be plasmid-derived. 
D) is a genetically engineered vaccine. 
E) can treat a disease but not prevent it. 
A) is likely to be a weaker type. 
B) can only be used in animals. 
C) is said to be plasmid-derived. 
D) is a genetically engineered vaccine. 
E) can treat a disease but not prevent it.

Question 17

DNA is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate,ribose,adenine,thymine,guanine and cytosine. 
B) phosphate,deoxyribose,thymine,adenine,guanine and cytosine. 
C) phosphate,ribose,adenine,uracil,guanine and cytosine. 
D) phosphate,deoxyribose,adenine,uracil,guanine and cytosine. 
E) none of the above. 
A) phosphate,ribose,adenine,thymine,guanine and cytosine. 
B) phosphate,deoxyribose,thymine,adenine,guanine and cytosine. 
C) phosphate,ribose,adenine,uracil,guanine and cytosine. 
D) phosphate,deoxyribose,adenine,uracil,guanine and cytosine. 
E) none of the above.

Question 18

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is used to

Accepted Answer

A) duplicate the chromosomes of bacteria. 
B) produce billions of copies of a segment of DNA. 
C) separate DNA fragments in an electromagnetic field. 
D) stain fragments of DNA with a radioactive label. 
E) determine the sequence of nucleotides in a segment of DNA. 
A) duplicate the chromosomes of bacteria. 
B) produce billions of copies of a segment of DNA. 
C) separate DNA fragments in an electromagnetic field. 
D) stain fragments of DNA with a radioactive label. 
E) determine the sequence of nucleotides in a segment of DNA.

Question 19

A gene

Accepted Answer

A) is a piece of DNA which determines a particular characteristic of a cell. 
B) directs the formation of a particular protein. 
C) consists of a linear sequence of nucleotides. 
D) consists of four bases called adenine,guanine,thymine and cytosine. 
E) all of the above. 
A) is a piece of DNA which determines a particular characteristic of a cell. 
B) directs the formation of a particular protein. 
C) consists of a linear sequence of nucleotides. 
D) consists of four bases called adenine,guanine,thymine and cytosine. 
E) all of the above.

Question 20

A codon is

Accepted Answer

A) a sequence of three nucleotide bases. 
B) a sequence of four nucleotide bases. 
C) a section of the ribosomal RNA. 
D) the four nucleotide bases on transfer RNA. 
E) the gene that directs protein synthesis. 
A) a sequence of three nucleotide bases. 
B) a sequence of four nucleotide bases. 
C) a section of the ribosomal RNA. 
D) the four nucleotide bases on transfer RNA. 
E) the gene that directs protein synthesis.

Exam 4: Genes and Biotechnology

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

DNA differs from RNA in that

Which of the following methods is used to determine whether a particular nucleotide sequence is present in a DNA sample?

The structure of DNA is best described as

Biotechnology refers to

Which of the following methods is used to distinguish between different strains of a bacterium?

Genetic engineering involves

During bacterial conjugation

An enzyme that can break a DNA molecule at a specific point is called a

The ability of some bacteria to take up fragments of DNA from their environment and incorporate them into their own DNA is called

The term used to indicate that a cell produces a protein from a gene is

An analysis of the chemical structure of DNA reveals that the amount of

The synthesis of a protein requires the process of

Mutation in bacteria

Recombinant DNA

A vaccine that is made from viral antigens produced in yeast cells

DNA is composed of

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is used to

A gene

A codon is

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Bacteria

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

The Bodys Defence Systems

Pathogenic Mechanisms and Evasion Strategies of Microorganisms

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Filters