Question 1

Combination therapy is used for treating HIV infection

Accepted Answer

A) because it is a life-threatening disease. 
B) because multiple viruses are involved. 
C) to prevent development of resistance to each drug. 
D) because it is not known which drug will be most effective. 
E) all of the above. 
A) because it is a life-threatening disease. 
B) because multiple viruses are involved. 
C) to prevent development of resistance to each drug. 
D) because it is not known which drug will be most effective. 
E) all of the above. C

Question 2

The reason why some antimicrobial drugs have a wider spectrum of activity than others is

Accepted Answer

A) related to the mechanism of action of the drug. 
B) dependent on the ability of the drug to reach the site of the infection. 
C) because some drugs target numerous metabolic pathways. 
D) dependent on whether the drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic. 
E) all of the above. 
A) related to the mechanism of action of the drug. 
B) dependent on the ability of the drug to reach the site of the infection. 
C) because some drugs target numerous metabolic pathways. 
D) dependent on whether the drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic. 
E) all of the above. A

Question 3

Prescription of an antimicrobial drug for a patient without knowing the cause of infection is

Accepted Answer

A) an inappropriate use of a drug. 
B) unlikely to effectively treat the infection. 
C) likely to cause severe side effects. 
D) called empirical therapy. 
E) all of the above. 
A) an inappropriate use of a drug. 
B) unlikely to effectively treat the infection. 
C) likely to cause severe side effects. 
D) called empirical therapy. 
E) all of the above. D

Question 4

Carbapenems

Accepted Answer

A) are synthetic antimicrobial drugs. 
B) are infrequently used because of their toxicity. 
C) inhibit protein synthesis. 
D) are resistant to all beta-lactamases. 
E) have a narrow spectrum of activity. 
A) are synthetic antimicrobial drugs. 
B) are infrequently used because of their toxicity. 
C) inhibit protein synthesis. 
D) are resistant to all beta-lactamases. 
E) have a narrow spectrum of activity.

Question 5

The most effective drugs against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are the ones that

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit the transcription of DNA to RNA. 
B) inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase. 
C) inhibit the enzyme thymidine kinase. 
D) affect the assembly of new viral particles. 
E) prevent binding of the virus to T cells. 
A) inhibit the transcription of DNA to RNA. 
B) inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase. 
C) inhibit the enzyme thymidine kinase. 
D) affect the assembly of new viral particles. 
E) prevent binding of the virus to T cells.

Question 6

A possible side effect of penicillin therapy is

Accepted Answer

A) neurological disturbance. 
B) discolouration of the teeth. 
C) renal impairment. 
D) anaphylactic shock. 
E) all of the above. 
A) neurological disturbance. 
B) discolouration of the teeth. 
C) renal impairment. 
D) anaphylactic shock. 
E) all of the above.

Question 7

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor,such as zidovudine,is used to treat

Accepted Answer

A) any viral infection. 
B) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection. 
C) most protozoal infections. 
D) some fungal infections. 
E) any systemic infection. 
A) any viral infection. 
B) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection. 
C) most protozoal infections. 
D) some fungal infections. 
E) any systemic infection.

Question 8

The basis for the selective toxicity of tetracyclines is that they

Accepted Answer

A) are bacteriostatic. 
B) bind strongly to bacterial ribosomes. 
C) interfere with cell wall synthesis. 
D) can be taken orally. 
E) do not induce resistance. 
A) are bacteriostatic. 
B) bind strongly to bacterial ribosomes. 
C) interfere with cell wall synthesis. 
D) can be taken orally. 
E) do not induce resistance.

Question 9

Synergism is

Accepted Answer

A) the increase in effect obtained by using two or more drugs together. 
B) interference between two drugs. 
C) the development of resistance when two or more drugs are used at the same time. 
D) inhibition of development of resistance. 
E) transfer of resistance from one bacterium to another. 
A) the increase in effect obtained by using two or more drugs together. 
B) interference between two drugs. 
C) the development of resistance when two or more drugs are used at the same time. 
D) inhibition of development of resistance. 
E) transfer of resistance from one bacterium to another.

Question 10

Which of the following is an anti-malarial drug?

Accepted Answer

A) chloroquine. 
B) mefloquine. 
C) artemisinin. 
D) doxycycline. 
E) all of the above. 
A) chloroquine. 
B) mefloquine. 
C) artemisinin. 
D) doxycycline. 
E) all of the above.

Question 11

Empirical treatment means that

Accepted Answer

A) a 'best guess' for treatment is made based on a patient's signs and symptoms. 
B) no treatment is started until the laboratory results are known. 
C) only topical drugs can be used. 
D) several drugs are used at the same time. 
E) a standard treatment is applied regardless of a patient's age or symptoms. 
A) a 'best guess' for treatment is made based on a patient's signs and symptoms. 
B) no treatment is started until the laboratory results are known. 
C) only topical drugs can be used. 
D) several drugs are used at the same time. 
E) a standard treatment is applied regardless of a patient's age or symptoms.

Question 12

Selective toxicity of an antimicrobial drug refers to its ability to

Accepted Answer

A) kill Gram-positive bacteria but not Gram-negatives. 
B) kill or inhibit microorganisms without harming host cells. 
C) inhibit the action of toxins produced by bacteria. 
D) affect pathogens but not the normal microbiota. 
E) selectively treat certain diseases. 
A) kill Gram-positive bacteria but not Gram-negatives. 
B) kill or inhibit microorganisms without harming host cells. 
C) inhibit the action of toxins produced by bacteria. 
D) affect pathogens but not the normal microbiota. 
E) selectively treat certain diseases.

Question 13

The use of a drug to prevent an infection is called

Accepted Answer

A) systemic chemotherapy. 
B) deliberate chemotherapy. 
C) preparative chemotherapy. 
D) prophylactic chemotherapy. 
E) none of the above because antimicrobials are only used to treat infections. 
A) systemic chemotherapy. 
B) deliberate chemotherapy. 
C) preparative chemotherapy. 
D) prophylactic chemotherapy. 
E) none of the above because antimicrobials are only used to treat infections.

Question 14

An antimicrobial drug that has a broad spectrum of activity

Accepted Answer

A) affects bacteria and viruses. 
B) is active against a number of different bacteria. 
C) affects all kinds of microorganisms including protozoa. 
D) is bactericidal and bacteriostatic. 
E) all of the above. 
A) affects bacteria and viruses. 
B) is active against a number of different bacteria. 
C) affects all kinds of microorganisms including protozoa. 
D) is bactericidal and bacteriostatic. 
E) all of the above.

Question 15

Cephalosporins

Accepted Answer

A) are synthetic antimicrobial drugs. 
B) are infrequently used because of their toxicity. 
C) inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis. 
D) only affect Gram-positive organisms. 
E) are antifungal drugs. 
A) are synthetic antimicrobial drugs. 
B) are infrequently used because of their toxicity. 
C) inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis. 
D) only affect Gram-positive organisms. 
E) are antifungal drugs.

Question 16

Which genus of bacteria is a major source of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A) Mycobacterium. 
B) Streptomyces. 
C) Staphylococcus. 
D) Saccharomyces. 
E) Nocardia. 
A) Mycobacterium. 
B) Streptomyces. 
C) Staphylococcus. 
D) Saccharomyces. 
E) Nocardia.

Question 17

Resistance to antibacterial drugs occurs

Accepted Answer

A) because the normal microbiota are destroyed by the antibacterial drugs. 
B) when antibacterials are prescribed indiscriminately. 
C) because some people refuse to take the drugs. 
D) when synthetic drugs are used rather than naturally occurring ones. 
E) because people do not take these drugs when needed. 
A) because the normal microbiota are destroyed by the antibacterial drugs. 
B) when antibacterials are prescribed indiscriminately. 
C) because some people refuse to take the drugs. 
D) when synthetic drugs are used rather than naturally occurring ones. 
E) because people do not take these drugs when needed.

Question 18

Aminoglycosides are not usually prescribed for patients

Accepted Answer

A) who have impaired kidney function. 
B) who suffer from asthma or hay fever. 
C) who are immunodeficient. 
D) with high blood pressure. 
E) who have pneumonia. 
A) who have impaired kidney function. 
B) who suffer from asthma or hay fever. 
C) who are immunodeficient. 
D) with high blood pressure. 
E) who have pneumonia.

Question 19

The generic name for a drug is

Accepted Answer

A) the name given by the first company to market it. 
B) the chemical name of the active compound. 
C) the name of the person who discovered the drug. 
D) a name that reflects how it affects microorganisms. 
E) the name of the genus of bacteria which it affects. 
A) the name given by the first company to market it. 
B) the chemical name of the active compound. 
C) the name of the person who discovered the drug. 
D) a name that reflects how it affects microorganisms. 
E) the name of the genus of bacteria which it affects.

Question 20

Chloramphenicol is an antibacterial compound which

Accepted Answer

A) is mainly used in topical eye applications. 
B) has a narrow spectrum of activity. 
C) is bactericidal and affects protein synthesis. 
D) causes suppression of white blood cell synthesis. 
E) all of the above. 
A) is mainly used in topical eye applications. 
B) has a narrow spectrum of activity. 
C) is bactericidal and affects protein synthesis. 
D) causes suppression of white blood cell synthesis. 
E) all of the above.

Exam 12: Antimicrobial Therapy

Combination therapy is used for treating HIV infection

The reason why some antimicrobial drugs have a wider spectrum of activity than others is

Prescription of an antimicrobial drug for a patient without knowing the cause of infection is

Carbapenems

The most effective drugs against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are the ones that

A possible side effect of penicillin therapy is

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor,such as zidovudine,is used to treat

The basis for the selective toxicity of tetracyclines is that they

Synergism is

Which of the following is an anti-malarial drug?

Empirical treatment means that

Selective toxicity of an antimicrobial drug refers to its ability to

The use of a drug to prevent an infection is called

An antimicrobial drug that has a broad spectrum of activity

Cephalosporins

Which genus of bacteria is a major source of antibiotics?

Resistance to antibacterial drugs occurs

Aminoglycosides are not usually prescribed for patients

The generic name for a drug is

Chloramphenicol is an antibacterial compound which

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