Question 1

All of the following are useful in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) blood culture. 
B) sputum culture. 
C) Gram stain of sputum. 
D) bronchial aspiration culture. 
E) saliva culture. 
A) blood culture. 
B) sputum culture. 
C) Gram stain of sputum. 
D) bronchial aspiration culture. 
E) saliva culture. E

Question 2

The test that enables the simultaneous amplification and detection of nucleic acid is

Accepted Answer

A) multiplex PCR 
B) reverse transcriptase PCR 
C) broad-range PCR 
D) real-time PCR 
E) qualitative PCR. 
A) multiplex PCR 
B) reverse transcriptase PCR 
C) broad-range PCR 
D) real-time PCR 
E) qualitative PCR. D

Question 3

Three samples of blood are usually collected over a 24-48 hour period from a patient with a suspected bloodstream infection

Accepted Answer

A) to see if the causative organism is changing. 
B) to test for different types of organisms. 
C) because some organisms are difficult to culture. 
D) because the causative organisms may be intermittently shed into the bloodstream. 
E) all of the above. 
A) to see if the causative organism is changing. 
B) to test for different types of organisms. 
C) because some organisms are difficult to culture. 
D) because the causative organisms may be intermittently shed into the bloodstream. 
E) all of the above. D

Question 4

Testing a patient's blood for antibodies to an infectious agent is called

Accepted Answer

A) culture and sensitivity. 
B) microscopy. 
C) molecular biology. 
D) serology. 
E) serotyping. 
A) culture and sensitivity. 
B) microscopy. 
C) molecular biology. 
D) serology. 
E) serotyping.

Question 5

Point of care testing

Accepted Answer

A) is an analytical test performed near the patient. 
B) is more convenient but not faster than standard testing. 
C) is not accurate enough to be of any use. 
D) is not appropriate for use in the community. 
E) can only serve as a preliminary diagnostic method. 
A) is an analytical test performed near the patient. 
B) is more convenient but not faster than standard testing. 
C) is not accurate enough to be of any use. 
D) is not appropriate for use in the community. 
E) can only serve as a preliminary diagnostic method.

Question 6

Which specimen is most commonly collected for the laboratory diagnosis of septicaemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood. 
B) CSF. 
C) Sputum. 
D) Throat swab. 
E) MSU. 
A) Blood. 
B) CSF. 
C) Sputum. 
D) Throat swab. 
E) MSU.

Question 7

Serological diagnosis of infection can sometimes be accurately made with a single blood sample when

Accepted Answer

A) the patient is incubating the disease. 
B) the antibody titre is greater than 40. 
C) a specific IgM titre is determined. 
D) the patient has never had the disease before. 
E) the patient has an intact immune system. 
A) the patient is incubating the disease. 
B) the antibody titre is greater than 40. 
C) a specific IgM titre is determined. 
D) the patient has never had the disease before. 
E) the patient has an intact immune system.

Question 8

A negative test result for a person who actually has the disease is called a

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory error. 
B) specimen error. 
C) test failure. 
D) false positive. 
E) false negative. 
A) laboratory error. 
B) specimen error. 
C) test failure. 
D) false positive. 
E) false negative.

Question 9

The proportion of people who do not have a disease and yield a negative test result is the ___________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A) specificity 
B) sensitivity 
C) accuracy 
D) positivity 
E) negativity 
A) specificity 
B) sensitivity 
C) accuracy 
D) positivity 
E) negativity

Question 10

Which specimen is most commonly collected for the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood. 
B) CSF. 
C) Sputum. 
D) Throat swab. 
E) MSU. 
A) Blood. 
B) CSF. 
C) Sputum. 
D) Throat swab. 
E) MSU.

Question 11

The laboratory technique in which small amounts of DNA from a microorganism are amplified and then used to identify the organism is

Accepted Answer

A) hybridisation. 
B) complement fixation. 
C) radioimmunoassay. 
D) a nucleic acid probe. 
E) polymerase chain reaction. 
A) hybridisation. 
B) complement fixation. 
C) radioimmunoassay. 
D) a nucleic acid probe. 
E) polymerase chain reaction.

Question 12

A patient has a serum antibody titre of 1280 to rubella virus.This could mean that the patient

Accepted Answer

A) has rubella. 
B) is immune to rubella. 
C) has been vaccinated against rubella. 
D) all of the above. 
E) none of the above. 
A) has rubella. 
B) is immune to rubella. 
C) has been vaccinated against rubella. 
D) all of the above. 
E) none of the above.

Question 13

Which specimen is most commonly collected for the laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A) Nasopharyngeal suction. 
B) CSF. 
C) Sputum. 
D) Throat swab. 
E) MSU. 
A) Nasopharyngeal suction. 
B) CSF. 
C) Sputum. 
D) Throat swab. 
E) MSU.

Question 14

Laboratory identification of a viral infection is most often achieved by

Accepted Answer

A) direct microscopy. 
B) a Gram stain. 
C) blood culture. 
D) electron microscopy. 
E) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 
A) direct microscopy. 
B) a Gram stain. 
C) blood culture. 
D) electron microscopy. 
E) polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Question 15

What would be the most appropriate specimen to collect from a patient suspected of having a wound infection caused by anaerobic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) A swab of the wound. 
B) Pus from the wound. 
C) Blood cultures. 
D) A skin swab from around the wound. 
E) A nose swab from the patient. 
A) A swab of the wound. 
B) Pus from the wound. 
C) Blood cultures. 
D) A skin swab from around the wound. 
E) A nose swab from the patient.

Question 16

What is the approximate length of time it takes to grow colonies of most bacteria on an agar plate?

Accepted Answer

A) 30 minutes. 
B) 4 hours. 
C) 18 hours. 
D) 5 days. 
E) 7 days. 
A) 30 minutes. 
B) 4 hours. 
C) 18 hours. 
D) 5 days. 
E) 7 days.

Question 17

Serological testing is based on the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) all bacteria have the same antigens. 
B) antibodies react specifically with an antigen. 
C) the human body makes antibodies against bacteria,but not viruses. 
D) antibodies cause the formation of antigens. 
E) bacteria usually invade the bloodstream. 
A) all bacteria have the same antigens. 
B) antibodies react specifically with an antigen. 
C) the human body makes antibodies against bacteria,but not viruses. 
D) antibodies cause the formation of antigens. 
E) bacteria usually invade the bloodstream.

Question 18

When a single type of microorganism is grown on an agar plate it is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) medium. 
B) pure culture. 
C) streak plate. 
D) petri dish. 
E) enriched culture. 
A) medium. 
B) pure culture. 
C) streak plate. 
D) petri dish. 
E) enriched culture.

Question 19

The proportion of people who have a disease and are identified as having it by a test is the ___________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A) specificity 
B) sensitivity 
C) accuracy 
D) positivity 
E) negativity 
A) specificity 
B) sensitivity 
C) accuracy 
D) positivity 
E) negativity

Question 20

Laboratory diagnosis of all infectious diseases can be achieved by

Accepted Answer

A) direct microscopic examination of a specimen. 
B) culture and isolation of microorganisms from a specimen. 
C) detection of specific antibodies in the patient's blood. 
D) detection of microbial DNA in a specimen. 
E) none of the above. 
A) direct microscopic examination of a specimen. 
B) culture and isolation of microorganisms from a specimen. 
C) detection of specific antibodies in the patient's blood. 
D) detection of microbial DNA in a specimen. 
E) none of the above.

Exam 15: Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

All of the following are useful in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia EXCEPT

The test that enables the simultaneous amplification and detection of nucleic acid is

Three samples of blood are usually collected over a 24-48 hour period from a patient with a suspected bloodstream infection

Testing a patient's blood for antibodies to an infectious agent is called

Point of care testing

Which specimen is most commonly collected for the laboratory diagnosis of septicaemia?

Serological diagnosis of infection can sometimes be accurately made with a single blood sample when

A negative test result for a person who actually has the disease is called a

The proportion of people who do not have a disease and yield a negative test result is the ___________ of the test.

Which specimen is most commonly collected for the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis?

The laboratory technique in which small amounts of DNA from a microorganism are amplified and then used to identify the organism is

A patient has a serum antibody titre of 1280 to rubella virus.This could mean that the patient

Which specimen is most commonly collected for the laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia?

Laboratory identification of a viral infection is most often achieved by

What would be the most appropriate specimen to collect from a patient suspected of having a wound infection caused by anaerobic bacteria?

What is the approximate length of time it takes to grow colonies of most bacteria on an agar plate?

Serological testing is based on the fact that

When a single type of microorganism is grown on an agar plate it is called a(n)

The proportion of people who have a disease and are identified as having it by a test is the ___________ of the test.

Laboratory diagnosis of all infectious diseases can be achieved by

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Bacteria

Genes and Biotechnology

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

The Bodys Defence Systems

Pathogenic Mechanisms and Evasion Strategies of Microorganisms

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Filters