Question 1

A syndrome is

Accepted Answer

A) a combination of signs and symptoms. 
B) a group of different diseases. 
C) a disease which occurs in a specific location. 
D) when a person suffers from two or more infections simultaneously. 
E) a fatal infection. 
A) a combination of signs and symptoms. 
B) a group of different diseases. 
C) a disease which occurs in a specific location. 
D) when a person suffers from two or more infections simultaneously. 
E) a fatal infection. A

Question 2

Which of the following is an indication of infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Inflammation. 
B) Lymphadenopathy. 
C) Rash. 
D) Antibody formation. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Inflammation. 
B) Lymphadenopathy. 
C) Rash. 
D) Antibody formation. 
E) All of the above. E

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The composition of the intestinal microbiota never changes. 
B) Stomach acid stimulates the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. 
C) Intestinal bacteria are always aerobic. 
D) All intestinal bacteria are potentially harmful. 
E) None of the above. 
A) The composition of the intestinal microbiota never changes. 
B) Stomach acid stimulates the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. 
C) Intestinal bacteria are always aerobic. 
D) All intestinal bacteria are potentially harmful. 
E) None of the above. E

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Some chronic viral infections may lead to cancer. 
B) Patients with chronic infections may be infectious. 
C) Patients who have typhoid fever may become carriers of the disease. 
D) Infection with hepatitis C virus may lead to liver cirrhosis. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Some chronic viral infections may lead to cancer. 
B) Patients with chronic infections may be infectious. 
C) Patients who have typhoid fever may become carriers of the disease. 
D) Infection with hepatitis C virus may lead to liver cirrhosis. 
E) All of the above.

Question 5

The microbes that make up the microbiota of humans

Accepted Answer

A) can change over a person's lifetime. 
B) are influenced by factors such as age,nutritional status and environment. 
C) can cause infections in the host. 
D) provide various benefits to the host. 
E) all of the above. 
A) can change over a person's lifetime. 
B) are influenced by factors such as age,nutritional status and environment. 
C) can cause infections in the host. 
D) provide various benefits to the host. 
E) all of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Signs of disease are changes felt by the patient. 
B) A symptom is a reliable identifier of a disease. 
C) Syndrome is another word for symptoms. 
D) Signs of disease are detectable or measurable by an observer. 
E) Chronic infections do not have any signs or symptoms. 
A) Signs of disease are changes felt by the patient. 
B) A symptom is a reliable identifier of a disease. 
C) Syndrome is another word for symptoms. 
D) Signs of disease are detectable or measurable by an observer. 
E) Chronic infections do not have any signs or symptoms.

Question 7

Which of the following is a benefit provided by the normal flora?

Accepted Answer

A) Creation of an environment that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. 
B) Excretion of chemicals with antibacterial activity. 
C) Production of vitamins. 
D) Maintenance of an optimal pH at some sites. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Creation of an environment that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. 
B) Excretion of chemicals with antibacterial activity. 
C) Production of vitamins. 
D) Maintenance of an optimal pH at some sites. 
E) All of the above.

Question 8

A person is said to be colonised by a pathogen when

Accepted Answer

A) the pathogen establishes itself in a body site without causing infection. 
B) the pathogen can be removed by regular soap washing. 
C) the pathogen causes an immune response. 
D) there is visible inflammation at the site. 
E) none of the above are correct because pathogens only infect and never colonise. 
A) the pathogen establishes itself in a body site without causing infection. 
B) the pathogen can be removed by regular soap washing. 
C) the pathogen causes an immune response. 
D) there is visible inflammation at the site. 
E) none of the above are correct because pathogens only infect and never colonise.

Question 9

Inflammation

Accepted Answer

A) is always characterised by a raised,red lump. 
B) is the body's response to tissue injury. 
C) results when pyrogens are released. 
D) is an immune reaction that results in antibody production. 
E) all of the above. 
A) is always characterised by a raised,red lump. 
B) is the body's response to tissue injury. 
C) results when pyrogens are released. 
D) is an immune reaction that results in antibody production. 
E) all of the above.

Question 10

Pyrogens

Accepted Answer

A) produce pus at the site of infection. 
B) interfere with the inflammatory response. 
C) reset the temperature control of the body and cause fever. 
D) cause nausea and vomiting. 
E) cause vasoconstriction and shivering. 
A) produce pus at the site of infection. 
B) interfere with the inflammatory response. 
C) reset the temperature control of the body and cause fever. 
D) cause nausea and vomiting. 
E) cause vasoconstriction and shivering.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The presence of fever is often,but not always,an indication of infection. 
B) Fever is produced by endogenous chemicals which act on the hypothalamus. 
C) Exogenous pyrogens are products of some infectious organisms. 
D) Intravenous fluids labelled 'pyrogen-free' do not contain dead bacteria. 
E) All of the above. 
A) The presence of fever is often,but not always,an indication of infection. 
B) Fever is produced by endogenous chemicals which act on the hypothalamus. 
C) Exogenous pyrogens are products of some infectious organisms. 
D) Intravenous fluids labelled 'pyrogen-free' do not contain dead bacteria. 
E) All of the above.

Question 12

The incubation period of a disease

Accepted Answer

A) is the same for every infection. 
B) is the time between exposure to the pathogen and the appearance of signs or symptoms. 
C) depends entirely on the dose of pathogens that the person is exposed to. 
D) is the period during which the person shows the typical signs and symptoms. 
E) is the period before the patient becomes infectious. 
A) is the same for every infection. 
B) is the time between exposure to the pathogen and the appearance of signs or symptoms. 
C) depends entirely on the dose of pathogens that the person is exposed to. 
D) is the period during which the person shows the typical signs and symptoms. 
E) is the period before the patient becomes infectious.

Question 13

An infection that often results from the depletion of a person's normal microbiota is

Accepted Answer

A) gonorrhoea. 
B) dental caries. 
C) urinary tract infection. 
D) thrush. 
E) all of the above. 
A) gonorrhoea. 
B) dental caries. 
C) urinary tract infection. 
D) thrush. 
E) all of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following factors influences the ability of a microorganism to cause disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Virulence of the microorganism. 
B) Nutritional state of the host. 
C) Immune status of the host. 
D) Genetic predisposition of the host. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Virulence of the microorganism. 
B) Nutritional state of the host. 
C) Immune status of the host. 
D) Genetic predisposition of the host. 
E) All of the above.

Question 15

Herpes zoster virus remains in the body for many years after the symptoms of chickenpox have subsided.This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) latent infection. 
B) chronic infection. 
C) slow infection. 
D) superinfection. 
E) subclinical infection. 
A) latent infection. 
B) chronic infection. 
C) slow infection. 
D) superinfection. 
E) subclinical infection.

Question 16

A fulminating disease is one that

Accepted Answer

A) results in severe inflammation and swelling. 
B) progresses very rapidly. 
C) is never fatal. 
D) does not provoke an immune reaction. 
E) is caused by a fungus. 
A) results in severe inflammation and swelling. 
B) progresses very rapidly. 
C) is never fatal. 
D) does not provoke an immune reaction. 
E) is caused by a fungus.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a secondary infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Herpes in an immunodeficient patient. 
B) Streptococcal sore throat. 
C) MRSA in a surgical wound. 
D) Middle ear infection in a child with a cold. 
E) Urinary tract infection. 
A) Herpes in an immunodeficient patient. 
B) Streptococcal sore throat. 
C) MRSA in a surgical wound. 
D) Middle ear infection in a child with a cold. 
E) Urinary tract infection.

Question 18

Commensalism is a relationship between two organisms in which

Accepted Answer

A) one organism benefits at the expense of the other. 
B) both organisms benefit to an equal amount. 
C) one organism benefits without harming the other. 
D) neither organism benefits or is harmed. 
E) both organisms are adversely affected. 
A) one organism benefits at the expense of the other. 
B) both organisms benefit to an equal amount. 
C) one organism benefits without harming the other. 
D) neither organism benefits or is harmed. 
E) both organisms are adversely affected.

Question 19

Which of the following may be a sign of infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Fever. 
B) Inflammation. 
C) Rash. 
D) Diarrhoea. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Fever. 
B) Inflammation. 
C) Rash. 
D) Diarrhoea. 
E) All of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) Presence of a capsule. 
B) Presence of attachment pili. 
C) Production of toxins. 
D) Invasiveness. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Presence of a capsule. 
B) Presence of attachment pili. 
C) Production of toxins. 
D) Invasiveness. 
E) All of the above.

Exam 7: Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

A syndrome is

Which of the following is an indication of infection?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The microbes that make up the microbiota of humans

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is a benefit provided by the normal flora?

A person is said to be colonised by a pathogen when

Inflammation

Pyrogens

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The incubation period of a disease

An infection that often results from the depletion of a person's normal microbiota is

Which of the following factors influences the ability of a microorganism to cause disease?

Herpes zoster virus remains in the body for many years after the symptoms of chickenpox have subsided.This is an example of a

A fulminating disease is one that

Which of the following is an example of a secondary infection?

Commensalism is a relationship between two organisms in which

Which of the following may be a sign of infection?

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a bacterium?

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Bacteria

Genes and Biotechnology

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

The Bodys Defence Systems

Pathogenic Mechanisms and Evasion Strategies of Microorganisms

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Filters