Question 1

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) lactic acid 
B) hydrochloric acid 
C) lysozyme 
D) histamine 
E) bile 
A) lactic acid 
B) hydrochloric acid 
C) lysozyme 
D) histamine 
E) bile

Question 2

A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) heat 
B) pain 
C) chills 
D) sweat 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) heat 
B) pain 
C) chills 
D) sweat 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 3

The term ________ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

Accepted Answer

A) antibody 
B) allergen 
C) antigen 
D) foreign body 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) antibody 
B) allergen 
C) antigen 
D) foreign body 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 4

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Diapedesis 
B) Chemotaxis 
C) Phagolysosome formation 
D) Destruction 
E) Ingestion 
A) Diapedesis 
B) Chemotaxis 
C) Phagolysosome formation 
D) Destruction 
E) Ingestion

Question 5

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) chemotaxis 
B) diapedesis 
C) motility 
D) vasodilation 
E) phagocytosis 
A) chemotaxis 
B) diapedesis 
C) motility 
D) vasodilation 
E) phagocytosis

Question 6

Plasma is also called lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

All of the following pertain to platelets except they ________.

Accepted Answer

A) contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 
B) function primarily in hemostasis 
C) originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes 
D) function in blood clotting and inflammation 
E) are not whole cells but are pieces of cells 
A) contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 
B) function primarily in hemostasis 
C) originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes 
D) function in blood clotting and inflammation 
E) are not whole cells but are pieces of cells

Question 8

Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) unbroken skin 
B) mucus 
C) hairs 
D) tears 
E) T cells 
A) unbroken skin 
B) mucus 
C) hairs 
D) tears 
E) T cells

Question 9

Overuse of disinfectants and antiseptics,as well as antibiotics,can result in inflammatory diseases stemming from an inadequate microbiome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Plasma cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A) function in cell-mediated immunity 
B) are derived from T lymphocytes 
C) function in blood clotting 
D) produce and secrete antibodies 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) function in cell-mediated immunity 
B) are derived from T lymphocytes 
C) function in blood clotting 
D) produce and secrete antibodies 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Rubor-redness 
B) Calor-warmth 
C) Tumor-cancer 
D) Dolar-pain 
E) None of these are mismatched. 
A) Rubor-redness 
B) Calor-warmth 
C) Tumor-cancer 
D) Dolar-pain 
E) None of these are mismatched.

Question 12

A 35-year-old male presents to the ER with a laceration on his left hand. The patient reports an hour ago he was working on renovations in his 1945 home, when an old board fell and injured his hand. The laceration is approximately 3 inches long and moderately deep. It appears that the cut was bleeding heavily, but he has stopped the bleeding by holding pressure on the site with an old t-shirt.
-The patient asks why the laceration is puffy,and has become itchy.Which of the following statements by the nurse is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A) This is a normal response to injury.Blood has rushed to the area,fluid is leaking from the damaged vessels,and chemical mediators called cytokines are causing you to itch. 
B) This is a normal response to injury.Your body is building up pressure around the wound to stop the bleeding,and the wood likely left internal splinters that are causing you to itch. 
C) This is a concerning sign.I will call the doctor now to lance the swollen area,and in the meantime,I will apply hydrogen peroxide to the wound. 
D) This is a concerning sign.Edema and pruritus are early signs of gangrene.To help the swelling,hold your hand above your heart to decrease blood flow to the area. 
A) This is a normal response to injury.Blood has rushed to the area,fluid is leaking from the damaged vessels,and chemical mediators called cytokines are causing you to itch. 
B) This is a normal response to injury.Your body is building up pressure around the wound to stop the bleeding,and the wood likely left internal splinters that are causing you to itch. 
C) This is a concerning sign.I will call the doctor now to lance the swollen area,and in the meantime,I will apply hydrogen peroxide to the wound. 
D) This is a concerning sign.Edema and pruritus are early signs of gangrene.To help the swelling,hold your hand above your heart to decrease blood flow to the area.

Question 13

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

Accepted Answer

A) Bloodstream 
B) Extracellular fluid 
C) Lymphatic system 
D) Intracellular fluid 
A) Bloodstream 
B) Extracellular fluid 
C) Lymphatic system 
D) Intracellular fluid

Question 14

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) redness 
B) warmth 
C) swelling 
D) pain 
E) chills 
A) redness 
B) warmth 
C) swelling 
D) pain 
E) chills

Question 15

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell,in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Complement 
B) Albumin 
C) Interferon 
D) Histamine 
A) Complement 
B) Albumin 
C) Interferon 
D) Histamine

Question 16

During phagocytosis,intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

All of the following pertain to interferon except it ________.

Accepted Answer

A) is a protein 
B) is produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells 
C) includes alpha,beta,and gamma types 
D) inhibits viruses,tumors,and cancer gene expression 
E) increases capillary permeability and vasodilation 
A) is a protein 
B) is produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells 
C) includes alpha,beta,and gamma types 
D) inhibits viruses,tumors,and cancer gene expression 
E) increases capillary permeability and vasodilation

Question 18

Inflammation,fever,phagocytosis,and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) they are not antigen-specific; they contribute to host defenses regardless of the source of activation 
B) they are activated only if the system has encountered the antigen previously 
C) they are physical barriers that block the binding of pathogens to host tissues 
D) they operate independently of the first line of defense and the B and T lymphocytes in the third line of defense 
A) they are not antigen-specific; they contribute to host defenses regardless of the source of activation 
B) they are activated only if the system has encountered the antigen previously 
C) they are physical barriers that block the binding of pathogens to host tissues 
D) they operate independently of the first line of defense and the B and T lymphocytes in the third line of defense

Question 19

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) basophils 
B) eosinophils 
C) neutrophils 
D) monocytes 
E) lymphocytes 
A) basophils 
B) eosinophils 
C) neutrophils 
D) monocytes 
E) lymphocytes

Question 20

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) complement 
B) interferons 
C) leukotrines 
D) pyrogens 
E) lysozymes 
A) complement 
B) interferons 
C) leukotrines 
D) pyrogens 
E) lysozymes

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.

A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

The term ________ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except ________.

Plasma is also called lymph.

All of the following pertain to platelets except they ________.

Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except ________.

Overuse of disinfectants and antiseptics,as well as antibiotics,can result in inflammatory diseases stemming from an inadequate microbiome.

Plasma cells ________.

Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except ________.

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell,in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

During phagocytosis,intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

All of the following pertain to interferon except it ________.

Inflammation,fever,phagocytosis,and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because ________.

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ________.

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

Filters