Question 1

Hematopoiesis is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
B) production of only red blood cells 
C) production of white blood cells,red blood cells,and platelets 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues 
A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
B) production of only red blood cells 
C) production of white blood cells,red blood cells,and platelets 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

Question 2

Neutrophils,eosinophils,and basophils are called ________ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that,in a stained blood smear,appear with identifying,characteristic colors.

Accepted Answer

A) leukocytes 
B) granulocytes 
C) agranulocytes 
D) monocytes 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) leukocytes 
B) granulocytes 
C) agranulocytes 
D) monocytes 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 3

A 35-year-old male presents to the ER with a laceration on his left hand. The patient reports an hour ago he was working on renovations in his 1945 home, when an old board fell and injured his hand. The laceration is approximately 3 inches long and moderately deep. It appears that the cut was bleeding heavily, but he has stopped the bleeding by holding pressure on the site with an old t-shirt.
-Which line(s)of defense has been breached for this injury?

Accepted Answer

A) First line of defense 
B) Second line of defense 
C) First and second lines of defense 
D) First,second and third lines of defense 
A) First line of defense 
B) Second line of defense 
C) First and second lines of defense 
D) First,second and third lines of defense

Question 4

A 35-year-old male presents to the ER with a laceration on his left hand. The patient reports an hour ago he was working on renovations in his 1945 home, when an old board fell and injured his hand. The laceration is approximately 3 inches long and moderately deep. It appears that the cut was bleeding heavily, but he has stopped the bleeding by holding pressure on the site with an old t-shirt.
-The patient states,"There has to be a way for me to reduce this swelling.There is no way this can be good for me because it is so uncomfortable." Which of the following statements by the nurse is not an appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A) Swelling helps trap foreign microbes to prevent them from getting into your main circulation. 
B) Inflammation is a sign that your immune system is fighting the effects of your skin barrier being broken. 
C) The influx of fluid into the area is helping to dilute toxins. 
D) Swelling is a result of your bones responding to the influx of calcium-fighting toxins. 
A) Swelling helps trap foreign microbes to prevent them from getting into your main circulation. 
B) Inflammation is a sign that your immune system is fighting the effects of your skin barrier being broken. 
C) The influx of fluid into the area is helping to dilute toxins. 
D) Swelling is a result of your bones responding to the influx of calcium-fighting toxins.

Question 5

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrogen peroxide 
B) Nitric oxide 
C) Lactic acid 
D) Superoxide anion 
E) All of these are used. 
A) Hydrogen peroxide 
B) Nitric oxide 
C) Lactic acid 
D) Superoxide anion 
E) All of these are used.

Question 6

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's third line of defense?

Accepted Answer

A) Basophils 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Monocytes 
E) Lymphocytes 
A) Basophils 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Monocytes 
E) Lymphocytes

Question 7

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?

Accepted Answer

A) Formation of pus and edema 
B) Scar formation and/or resolution 
C) Vascular reactions 
D) Injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators 
E) Activation of the complement system 
A) Formation of pus and edema 
B) Scar formation and/or resolution 
C) Vascular reactions 
D) Injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators 
E) Activation of the complement system

Question 8

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Start tissue repair 
B) Destroy microbes 
C) Mobilize and attract immune components to injury site 
D) Block further invasion 
E) Cause a fever 
A) Start tissue repair 
B) Destroy microbes 
C) Mobilize and attract immune components to injury site 
D) Block further invasion 
E) Cause a fever

Question 9

All the following are events of early inflammation except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis 
B) chemical mediators and cytokines are released 
C) brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation 
D) exudate and pus can accumulate 
E) capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema 
A) macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis 
B) chemical mediators and cytokines are released 
C) brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation 
D) exudate and pus can accumulate 
E) capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema

Question 10

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) chemotaxis 
B) edema 
C) diapedesis 
D) vasoactivity 
E) pus 
A) chemotaxis 
B) edema 
C) diapedesis 
D) vasoactivity 
E) pus

Question 12

Which statement below characterizes the action of interferon?

Accepted Answer

A) Interferon,produced by a host cell in response to viral attack,is secreted and enters neighboring cells,stimulating the production of antiviral proteins in anticipation of an invasion. 
B) Interferon stimulates the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature,increasing metabolism and preventing the growth of temperature-sensitive pathogens. 
C) Interferon comprises a team of blood proteins that are activated in a cascade,ultimately leading to pathogen cytolysis,inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis. 
D) Interferon binds to cell surfaces and induces changes in genetic expression,eliminating not only pathogens,but cancer cells also. 
A) Interferon,produced by a host cell in response to viral attack,is secreted and enters neighboring cells,stimulating the production of antiviral proteins in anticipation of an invasion. 
B) Interferon stimulates the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature,increasing metabolism and preventing the growth of temperature-sensitive pathogens. 
C) Interferon comprises a team of blood proteins that are activated in a cascade,ultimately leading to pathogen cytolysis,inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis. 
D) Interferon binds to cell surfaces and induces changes in genetic expression,eliminating not only pathogens,but cancer cells also.

Question 13

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A) initiation of the cascade 
B) production of inflammatory cytokines 
C) a ring-shaped protein that digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes 
D) cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b 
E) C1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane 
A) initiation of the cascade 
B) production of inflammatory cytokines 
C) a ring-shaped protein that digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes 
D) cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b 
E) C1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane

Question 14

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils 
B) eosinophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) basophils 
E) All of the choices are granulocytes. 
A) neutrophils 
B) eosinophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) basophils 
E) All of the choices are granulocytes.

Question 15

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit,groin,and neck?

Accepted Answer

A) Lymph nodes 
B) Thymus 
C) Spleen 
D) GALT 
E) Tonsils 
A) Lymph nodes 
B) Thymus 
C) Spleen 
D) GALT 
E) Tonsils

Question 16

Cytokines are chemicals and proteins that are critical components of the immune system.  Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the function of cytokines?

Accepted Answer

A) All cytokines are synthesized to stimulate the inflammatory response; their purpose is to mediate vascular reactions and diapedesis. 
B) Cytokines are secreted by a wide variety of cell types,including immune cells,epithelial and endothelial cells. 
C) Cytokines play a role in both inflammatory stimulation,as well as being anti-inflammatory mediators. 
D) Cytokines mediate communication between cells; they are crucial for stimulation,suppression and control of all aspects of the immune response. 
A) All cytokines are synthesized to stimulate the inflammatory response; their purpose is to mediate vascular reactions and diapedesis. 
B) Cytokines are secreted by a wide variety of cell types,including immune cells,epithelial and endothelial cells. 
C) Cytokines play a role in both inflammatory stimulation,as well as being anti-inflammatory mediators. 
D) Cytokines mediate communication between cells; they are crucial for stimulation,suppression and control of all aspects of the immune response.

Question 17

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply 
B) increases the availability of iron 
C) increases phagocytosis 
D) increases metabolism 
E) stimulates hematopoiesis 
A) reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply 
B) increases the availability of iron 
C) increases phagocytosis 
D) increases metabolism 
E) stimulates hematopoiesis

Question 18

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Neutrophils,eosinophils,macrophages 
B) Neutrophils,macrophages,eosinophils 
C) Eosinophils,macrophages,neutrophils 
D) Macrophages,neutrophils,eosinophils 
E) Macrophages,eosinophils,neutrophils 
A) Neutrophils,eosinophils,macrophages 
B) Neutrophils,macrophages,eosinophils 
C) Eosinophils,macrophages,neutrophils 
D) Macrophages,neutrophils,eosinophils 
E) Macrophages,eosinophils,neutrophils

Question 19

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin 
B) nasal hairs 
C) flushing action of tears and blinking 
D) flushing action of urine 
E) phagocytic white blood cells 
A) the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin 
B) nasal hairs 
C) flushing action of tears and blinking 
D) flushing action of urine 
E) phagocytic white blood cells

Question 20

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) basophils 
B) eosinophils 
C) neutrophils 
D) monocytes 
E) lymphocytes 
A) basophils 
B) eosinophils 
C) neutrophils 
D) monocytes 
E) lymphocytes

Hematopoiesis is the ________.

Neutrophils,eosinophils,and basophils are called ________ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that,in a stained blood smear,appear with identifying,characteristic colors.

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's third line of defense?

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

All the following are events of early inflammation except ________.

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called ________.

Which statement below characterizes the action of interferon?

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ________.

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________.

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit,groin,and neck?

Cytokines are chemicals and proteins that are critical components of the immune system. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the function of cytokines?

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it ________.

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

Filters

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Hematopoiesis is the ________.

Neutrophils,eosinophils,and basophils are called ________ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that,in a stained blood smear,appear with identifying,characteristic colors.

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's third line of defense?

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammation process?

Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?

All the following are events of early inflammation except ________.

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called ________.

Which statement below characterizes the action of interferon?

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ________.

Each of the following are granulocytes except ________.

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit,groin,and neck?

Cytokines are chemicals and proteins that are critical components of the immune system. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the function of cytokines?

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it ________.

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

Filters