Question 1

Huntington disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In Parkinson disease the basal ganglia influences the hypothalamic function to produce which clinical manifestations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inappropriate diaphoresis,orthostatic hypotension,constipation,and urinary retention 
B)  Asymmetric,regular,rhythmic tremors with slow alternating flexion and extension contractions 
C)  Involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles that impair active and passive movement 
D)  Bradykinesia of chewing,swallowing and articulation 
A)  Inappropriate diaphoresis,orthostatic hypotension,constipation,and urinary retention 
B)  Asymmetric,regular,rhythmic tremors with slow alternating flexion and extension contractions 
C)  Involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles that impair active and passive movement 
D)  Bradykinesia of chewing,swallowing and articulation

Question 3

Why does the ipsilateral pupil dilate following uncal herniation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of pressure on the optic cranial nerve (CN I) 
B)  Because of pressure on the abducens cranial nerve (CN VI) 
C)  Because of pressure on the oculomotor cranial nerve (CN III) 
D)  Because of pressure on the trochlear cranial nerve (CN IV) 
A)  Because of pressure on the optic cranial nerve (CN I) 
B)  Because of pressure on the abducens cranial nerve (CN VI) 
C)  Because of pressure on the oculomotor cranial nerve (CN III) 
D)  Because of pressure on the trochlear cranial nerve (CN IV)

Question 4

The condition of a patient with a severe closed head injury is deteriorating.His pupils are dilated and sluggish,pulse pressure is widening,and the pulse is bradycardic.These clinical findings are evidence of what stage of intracranial hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stage 1 
B)  Stage 2 
C)  Stage 3 
D)  Stage 4 
A)  Stage 1 
B)  Stage 2 
C)  Stage 3 
D)  Stage 4

Question 5

The tonic phase of a generalized seizure is characterized by alternating contractions and relaxation of muscles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which description is consistent with a complex partial seizure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alternative tonic and clonic movements 
B)  Repetitive movements with loss of consciousness 
C)  Focal motor movement without loss of consciousness 
D)  One seizure followed by another in less than one minute 
A)  Alternative tonic and clonic movements 
B)  Repetitive movements with loss of consciousness 
C)  Focal motor movement without loss of consciousness 
D)  One seizure followed by another in less than one minute

Question 7

Vomiting is associated with CNS injuries that compress which anatomic location(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vestibular nuclei in lower pons and medulla oblongata 
B)  Floor of the third ventricle 
C)  Vestibular nuclei in the midbrain 
D)  Diencephalon 
A)  Vestibular nuclei in lower pons and medulla oblongata 
B)  Floor of the third ventricle 
C)  Vestibular nuclei in the midbrain 
D)  Diencephalon

Question 8

After a cerebrovascular accident,a patient is unable to feel and identify a comb with his eyes closed.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  agraphiA. 
B)  tactile agnosia. 
C)  anosognosia. 
D)  prosopagnosia. 
A)  agraphiA. 
B)  tactile agnosia. 
C)  anosognosia. 
D)  prosopagnosia.

Question 9

When does uncal herniation occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa 
B)  When the diencephalon shifts from the middle fossa straight downward through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa 
C)  When the cingulate gyrus shifts under the falx cerebri 
D)  When a cerebellar tonsil shifts through the foramen magnum 
A)  When the hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa 
B)  When the diencephalon shifts from the middle fossa straight downward through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa 
C)  When the cingulate gyrus shifts under the falx cerebri 
D)  When a cerebellar tonsil shifts through the foramen magnum

Question 10

_____ is the loss of speech or the loss of comprehension of spoken or written language.

Accepted Answer

A)  Agnosia 
B)  Aphasia 
C)  Akinesia 
D)  Dysphasia 
A)  Agnosia 
B)  Aphasia 
C)  Akinesia 
D)  Dysphasia

Question 11

A patient has a seizure that starts with her fingers and progressively spreads up the arm and extends to the leg.This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  simple partial seizure. 
B)  focal seizure. 
C)  psychomotor seizure. 
D)  adversive seizure. 
A)  simple partial seizure. 
B)  focal seizure. 
C)  psychomotor seizure. 
D)  adversive seizure.

Question 12

The nurse notes that a patient with a severe closed head injury has all four extremities in rigid extension and forearm hyperpronation and legs with plantar extension.This finding is documented as __________ posturing.

Accepted Answer

A)  decorticate 
B)  decerebrate 
C)  spastic 
D)  cerebellar 
A)  decorticate 
B)  decerebrate 
C)  spastic 
D)  cerebellar

Question 13

What pathologic alteration produces tremors at rest,rigidity,akinesia,and postural abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrophy of neurons in the caudate that produce serotonin 
B)  Atrophy of neurons in the putamen that produce gamma aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
C)  Atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine 
D)  Atrophy of neurons in the hypothalamus that produce acetylcholine 
A)  Atrophy of neurons in the caudate that produce serotonin 
B)  Atrophy of neurons in the putamen that produce gamma aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
C)  Atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine 
D)  Atrophy of neurons in the hypothalamus that produce acetylcholine

Question 14

Which assessment finding marks the end of spinal shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure and heart rate return to normal 
B)  Deep tendon reflexes return and spastic paralysis is evident 
C)  Bowel and bladder function return 
D)  Deep tendon reflexes diminish and flaccid paralysis is evident 
A)  Blood pressure and heart rate return to normal 
B)  Deep tendon reflexes return and spastic paralysis is evident 
C)  Bowel and bladder function return 
D)  Deep tendon reflexes diminish and flaccid paralysis is evident

Question 15

In 66% of cases,the etiology of epilepsy is not identified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Brain death has occurred when there is no discernable evidence of cerebral hemisphere function or function of the brain stem's vital centers for 1 to 6 hours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Vegetative state is another term for locked-in syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Since his cerebrovascular accident,a patient has been denying his left hemiplegia.What term is used to describe this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual agnosia 
B)  Anosognosia 
C)  Amusia agnosia 
D)  Agraphia agnosia 
A)  Visual agnosia 
B)  Anosognosia 
C)  Amusia agnosia 
D)  Agraphia agnosia

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with Parkinson disease.This is a degenerative disorder of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  anterior pituitary. 
C)  frontal lobe. 
D)  basal ganglia. 
A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  anterior pituitary. 
C)  frontal lobe. 
D)  basal ganglia.

Question 20

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Upper motor neuron disorders

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke disease 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca area 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke disease 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca area

Exam 16: Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Huntington disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance.

In Parkinson disease the basal ganglia influences the hypothalamic function to produce which clinical manifestations?

Why does the ipsilateral pupil dilate following uncal herniation?

The condition of a patient with a severe closed head injury is deteriorating.His pupils are dilated and sluggish,pulse pressure is widening,and the pulse is bradycardic.These clinical findings are evidence of what stage of intracranial hypertension?

The tonic phase of a generalized seizure is characterized by alternating contractions and relaxation of muscles.

Which description is consistent with a complex partial seizure?

Vomiting is associated with CNS injuries that compress which anatomic location(s)?

After a cerebrovascular accident,a patient is unable to feel and identify a comb with his eyes closed.This is an example of:

When does uncal herniation occur?

_____ is the loss of speech or the loss of comprehension of spoken or written language.

A patient has a seizure that starts with her fingers and progressively spreads up the arm and extends to the leg.This is known as:

The nurse notes that a patient with a severe closed head injury has all four extremities in rigid extension and forearm hyperpronation and legs with plantar extension.This finding is documented as __________ posturing.

What pathologic alteration produces tremors at rest,rigidity,akinesia,and postural abnormalities?

Which assessment finding marks the end of spinal shock?

In 66% of cases,the etiology of epilepsy is not identified.

Brain death has occurred when there is no discernable evidence of cerebral hemisphere function or function of the brain stem's vital centers for 1 to 6 hours.

Vegetative state is another term for locked-in syndrome.

Since his cerebrovascular accident,a patient has been denying his left hemiplegia.What term is used to describe this finding?

A patient is diagnosed with Parkinson disease.This is a degenerative disorder of the:

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Upper motor neuron disorders

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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