Question 1

Why is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)antibody testing in children at high risk not possible until the child is at least 15 months old?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because they cannot make antibodies until that age 
B)  Because of the high titer of passive maternal antibodies 
C)  Because it takes the HIV at least 15 months to infect a sufficient number of CD4 T cells 
D)  Because no treatment is available for a child until that age 
A)  Because they cannot make antibodies until that age 
B)  Because of the high titer of passive maternal antibodies 
C)  Because it takes the HIV at least 15 months to infect a sufficient number of CD4 T cells 
D)  Because no treatment is available for a child until that age

Question 2

Anterior midline defects of neural tube closure cause developmental defects in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain and skull. 
B)  spinal cord. 
C)  vertebrae. 
D)  peripheral nerves. 
A)  brain and skull. 
B)  spinal cord. 
C)  vertebrae. 
D)  peripheral nerves.

Question 3

Meningoceles occur at a greater frequency in the lumbar spine area.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Originates from the pituitary or hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebella astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebella astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 5

Reyes syndrome is associated with children who have taken aspirin and have:

Accepted Answer

A)  measles or mumps 
B)  influenza B or chickenpox 
C)  bacterial upper respiratory infections 
D)  bacterial ear infections 
A)  measles or mumps 
B)  influenza B or chickenpox 
C)  bacterial upper respiratory infections 
D)  bacterial ear infections

Question 6

True microcephaly can be caused by an _____ gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal dominant 
B)  autosomal recessive 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant 
A)  autosomal dominant 
B)  autosomal recessive 
C)  X-linked recessive 
D)  X-linked dominant

Question 7

Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron 
B)  Vitamin C 
C)  Zinc 
D)  Folate 
A)  Iron 
B)  Vitamin C 
C)  Zinc 
D)  Folate

Question 8

Which defects of neural tube closure are most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior 
B)  Posterior 
C)  Lateral 
D)  Midline 
A)  Anterior 
B)  Posterior 
C)  Lateral 
D)  Midline

Question 9

Which of the following is characteristic of spina bifida occulta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saclike cyst of meninges protruding through vertebrae 
B)  Abnormal growth of hair along the spine may occur 
C)  An increase in head circumference 
D)  Absent or reduced movement of lower extremities 
A)  Saclike cyst of meninges protruding through vertebrae 
B)  Abnormal growth of hair along the spine may occur 
C)  An increase in head circumference 
D)  Absent or reduced movement of lower extremities

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Develops in the fourth ventricle

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebella astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebella astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 11

_____ refers to a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull.

Accepted Answer

A)  Encephalocele 
B)  Meningocele 
C)  Arachnoidocele 
D)  Acephalocele 
A)  Encephalocele 
B)  Meningocele 
C)  Arachnoidocele 
D)  Acephalocele

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Develops in the vermis of the cerebellum and may extend to the fourth ventricle

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebella astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebella astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 13

Which is a characteristic of benign febrile seizures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seizures occur with a temperature less than 39°C. 
B)  Respiratory or ear infections usually are present at the time of seizure. 
C)  Seizures occur after the fifth year of life. 
D)  Seizures last 30 minutes or more. 
A)  Seizures occur with a temperature less than 39°C. 
B)  Respiratory or ear infections usually are present at the time of seizure. 
C)  Seizures occur after the fifth year of life. 
D)  Seizures last 30 minutes or more.

Question 14

_____ is an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anencephaly 
B)  Myelodysplasia 
C)  Cyclopia 
D)  Hydrocephaly 
A)  Anencephaly 
B)  Myelodysplasia 
C)  Cyclopia 
D)  Hydrocephaly

Question 15

The most common location of brain tumors in children is:

Accepted Answer

A)  above the cerebellum. 
B)  in the cerebellum or brainstem. 
C)  in the cerebrum. 
D)  in the ventricular lining. 
A)  above the cerebellum. 
B)  in the cerebellum or brainstem. 
C)  in the cerebrum. 
D)  in the ventricular lining.

Question 16

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Vomiting,lethargy,drowsiness

Accepted Answer

A) Reye syndrome,stage I 
B) Reye syndrome,stage II 
C) Reye syndrome,stage III 
D) Reye syndrome,stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome,stage V 
A) Reye syndrome,stage I 
B) Reye syndrome,stage II 
C) Reye syndrome,stage III 
D) Reye syndrome,stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome,stage V

Question 17

The neural groove closes dorsally during which week of gestational life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Second week 
B)  Fourth week 
C)  Eighth week 
D)  Twelfth week 
A)  Second week 
B)  Fourth week 
C)  Eighth week 
D)  Twelfth week

Question 18

Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 6 months of the infant's life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Children with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy commonly have normal neurologic examinations,normal intelligence,and positive family history of seizures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

_____ may indicate an underlying condition of spina bifida.

Accepted Answer

A)  Abnormal growth of skin along the spine 
B)  A midline dimple posterior to the vertebral column 
C)  A cutaneous angioma 
D)  A subcutaneous mass 
A)  Abnormal growth of skin along the spine 
B)  A midline dimple posterior to the vertebral column 
C)  A cutaneous angioma 
D)  A subcutaneous mass

Exam 19: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Why is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)antibody testing in children at high risk not possible until the child is at least 15 months old?

Anterior midline defects of neural tube closure cause developmental defects in the:

Meningoceles occur at a greater frequency in the lumbar spine area.

MATCHING Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Originates from the pituitary or hypothalamus

Reyes syndrome is associated with children who have taken aspirin and have:

True microcephaly can be caused by an _____ gene.

Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect?

Which defects of neural tube closure are most common?

Which of the following is characteristic of spina bifida occulta?

MATCHING Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Develops in the fourth ventricle

_____ refers to a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull.

MATCHING Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Develops in the vermis of the cerebellum and may extend to the fourth ventricle

Which is a characteristic of benign febrile seizures?

_____ is an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.

The most common location of brain tumors in children is:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Vomiting,lethargy,drowsiness

The neural groove closes dorsally during which week of gestational life?

Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 6 months of the infant's life.

Children with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy commonly have normal neurologic examinations,normal intelligence,and positive family history of seizures.

_____ may indicate an underlying condition of spina bifida.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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