Question 1

What occurs during phase 1 of the normal myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repolarization when potassium moves out of the cells 
B)  Repolarization when sodium rapidly enters into cells 
C)  Early repolarization when sodium slowly enters cells 
D)  Early repolarization when calcium slowly enters cells 
A)  Repolarization when potassium moves out of the cells 
B)  Repolarization when sodium rapidly enters into cells 
C)  Early repolarization when sodium slowly enters cells 
D)  Early repolarization when calcium slowly enters cells

Question 2

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because:

Accepted Answer

A)  of its superior location in the right atrium. 
B)  it is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  it has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D)  it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. 
A)  of its superior location in the right atrium. 
B)  it is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  it has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D)  it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.

Question 3

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Cross-bridge theory

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow,pressure,and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure,internal radius,and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment,movement,and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle 
A) Relationship among blood flow,pressure,and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure,internal radius,and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment,movement,and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 4

What enables electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion in myocardial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sarcolemma sclerotic plaques 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Trabeculae carneae 
D)  Bachmann bundles 
A)  Sarcolemma sclerotic plaques 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Trabeculae carneae 
D)  Bachmann bundles

Question 5

What is the function of P cells found in the sinoatrial node and Purkinje fibers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are receptors for pain stimuli,such as the pain that occurs during infarction. 
B)  They prolong the refractory period before the next contraction. 
C)  They are assumed to be the site of impulse formation. 
D)  They initiate repolarization of the myocardium. 
A)  They are receptors for pain stimuli,such as the pain that occurs during infarction. 
B)  They prolong the refractory period before the next contraction. 
C)  They are assumed to be the site of impulse formation. 
D)  They initiate repolarization of the myocardium.

Question 6

While both produce vasoconstriction,the effects of norepinephrine are quantitatively more vasoconstrictive than the effects of epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and subsequent blood flow through a vessel is an example of _____ of blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic regulation 
B)  somatic regulation 
C)  autoregulation 
D)  metabolic regulation 
A)  autonomic regulation 
B)  somatic regulation 
C)  autoregulation 
D)  metabolic regulation

Question 8

What is the significance of the "atrial kick"?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the contraction of the right atria that is necessary to open the tricuspid valve. 
B)  It is the contraction of the right atria that is necessary to increase the blood volume from the venae cavae. 
C)  It is the contraction of the left atria that increases the blood volume into the ventricle. 
D)  It is the contraction of the left atria that is necessary to open the mitral valve. 
A)  It is the contraction of the right atria that is necessary to open the tricuspid valve. 
B)  It is the contraction of the right atria that is necessary to increase the blood volume from the venae cavae. 
C)  It is the contraction of the left atria that increases the blood volume into the ventricle. 
D)  It is the contraction of the left atria that is necessary to open the mitral valve.

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the intracardiac pressures with their description.
-Generated by the atrial contraction

Accepted Answer

A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent 
A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent

Question 10

Within a physiologic range,an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload)leads to a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  increased force of contraction. 
B)  decrease in refractory time. 
C)  increase in afterload. 
D)  increase in repolarization. 
A)  increased force of contraction. 
B)  decrease in refractory time. 
C)  increase in afterload. 
D)  increase in repolarization.

Question 11

When the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole increases,the force of the myocardial contraction during the next systole will also increase.This is an example of which law or theory about the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Laplace's law 
B)  Poiseuille's formula 
C)  Cross-bridge theory 
D)  Frank-Starling law 
A)  Laplace's law 
B)  Poiseuille's formula 
C)  Cross-bridge theory 
D)  Frank-Starling law

Question 12

What is a function of the papillary muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  They close the semilunar valves. 
B)  They prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. 
C)  They close the atrioventricular valves. 
D)  They open the semilunar valves. 
A)  They close the semilunar valves. 
B)  They prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. 
C)  They close the atrioventricular valves. 
D)  They open the semilunar valves.

Question 13

In the normal electrocardiogram,the PR interval represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial depolarization. 
B)  ventricular depolarization. 
C)  atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity. 
D)  "electrical systole" of the ventricles. 
A)  atrial depolarization. 
B)  ventricular depolarization. 
C)  atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity. 
D)  "electrical systole" of the ventricles.

Question 14

The _____ complex (wave)represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization.

Accepted Answer

A)  PRS 
B)  QRS 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P 
A)  PRS 
B)  QRS 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P

Question 15

Blood within the atria and ventricles does not supply oxygen to the cells of the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Autoregulation ensures constant coronary blood flow despite normal shifts in perfusion pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In assessing for allergies before coronary angiography,the nurse will be particularly concerned if the patient he has an allergy to:

Accepted Answer

A)  technetium. 
B)  iodine. 
C)  penicillin. 
D)  warfarin sodium (Coumadin). 
A)  technetium. 
B)  iodine. 
C)  penicillin. 
D)  warfarin sodium (Coumadin).

Question 18

As stated by the Frank-Starling law,there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure;force 
B)  volume;strength 
C)  viscosity;force 
D)  viscosity;strength 
A)  pressure;force 
B)  volume;strength 
C)  viscosity;force 
D)  viscosity;strength

Question 19

What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterial stiffening 
B)  Decreased left ventricular wall tension 
C)  Decreased aortic wall thickness 
D)  Arteriosclerosis 
A)  Arterial stiffening 
B)  Decreased left ventricular wall tension 
C)  Decreased aortic wall thickness 
D)  Arteriosclerosis

Question 20

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by:

Accepted Answer

A)  parasympathetic stimulation of heart,arterioles,and veins. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation of heart,arterioles,and veins. 
C)  autonomic control of the heart only. 
D)  somatic control of the heart,arterioles,and veins. 
A)  parasympathetic stimulation of heart,arterioles,and veins. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation of heart,arterioles,and veins. 
C)  autonomic control of the heart only. 
D)  somatic control of the heart,arterioles,and veins.

Exam 28: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

What occurs during phase 1 of the normal myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization?

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because:

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Cross-bridge theory

What enables electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion in myocardial cells?

What is the function of P cells found in the sinoatrial node and Purkinje fibers?

While both produce vasoconstriction,the effects of norepinephrine are quantitatively more vasoconstrictive than the effects of epinephrine.

Myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and subsequent blood flow through a vessel is an example of _____ of blood vessels.

What is the significance of the "atrial kick"?

MATCHING Match the intracardiac pressures with their description. -Generated by the atrial contraction

Within a physiologic range,an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload)leads to a(n):

When the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole increases,the force of the myocardial contraction during the next systole will also increase.This is an example of which law or theory about the heart?

What is a function of the papillary muscles?

In the normal electrocardiogram,the PR interval represents:

The _____ complex (wave)represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization.

Blood within the atria and ventricles does not supply oxygen to the cells of the heart.

Autoregulation ensures constant coronary blood flow despite normal shifts in perfusion pressure.

In assessing for allergies before coronary angiography,the nurse will be particularly concerned if the patient he has an allergy to:

As stated by the Frank-Starling law,there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters

As stated by the Frank-Starling law,there is a direct relationship between the _ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _ of contraction during the next systole.