Question 1

How does surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes facilitate alveolar distention and ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  By decreasing thoracic compliance 
B)  By attracting water to the alveolar surface 
C)  By decreasing surface tension in alveoli 
D)  By increasing surface tension in alveoli 
A)  By decreasing thoracic compliance 
B)  By attracting water to the alveolar surface 
C)  By decreasing surface tension in alveoli 
D)  By increasing surface tension in alveoli

Question 2

What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low alveolar PO2 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Epinephrine 
A)  Low alveolar PO2 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Epinephrine

Question 3

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea 
B)  Segmental bronchi 
C)  Alveolocapillary membrane 
D)  Both B and C 
A)  Trachea 
B)  Segmental bronchi 
C)  Alveolocapillary membrane 
D)  Both B and C

Question 4

The bronchial circulation is part of the systemic circulation and does not participate in gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Pressure in the pleural space is:

Accepted Answer

A)  atmospheric. 
B)  below atmospheric. 
C)  above atmospheric. 
D)  variable. 
A)  atmospheric. 
B)  below atmospheric. 
C)  above atmospheric. 
D)  variable.

Question 6

If a patient develops acidosis or a fever,the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to:

Accepted Answer

A)  shift to the right,causing more O2 to be released to the cells. 
B)  shift to the left,allowing less O2 to be released to the cells. 
C)  show no change,allowing the O2 concentration to remain stable. 
A)  shift to the right,causing more O2 to be released to the cells. 
B)  shift to the left,allowing less O2 to be released to the cells. 
C)  show no change,allowing the O2 concentration to remain stable.

Question 7

The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via the _____ nerve.

Accepted Answer

A)  vagus 
B)  phrenic 
C)  brachial 
D)  pectoral 
A)  vagus 
B)  phrenic 
C)  brachial 
D)  pectoral

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. )
-Senses pH of cerebrospinal fluid

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor

Question 9

Where do receptors such as stretch and peripheral chemoreceptors send afferent impulses regarding ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  To the pneumotaxic center in the pons 
B)  To the apneustic center in the pons 
C)  To the dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata 
D)  To the ventral respiratory group in the medulla oblongata 
A)  To the pneumotaxic center in the pons 
B)  To the apneustic center in the pons 
C)  To the dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata 
D)  To the ventral respiratory group in the medulla oblongata

Question 10

The oropharynx is considered part of a conduction airway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

MATCHING
Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. )
-Initiates rapid,shallow breathing

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors
Action of each receptor

Question 12

What does decreased compliance within the lung mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The diaphragm is stiff. 
B)  The lungs inflate easily. 
C)  The lungs are stiff. 
D)  The lungs are unable to diffuse oxygen. 
A)  The diaphragm is stiff. 
B)  The lungs inflate easily. 
C)  The lungs are stiff. 
D)  The lungs are unable to diffuse oxygen.

Question 13

How is most carbon dioxide carried in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attached to oxygen 
B)  In the form of bicarbonate 
C)  Combined with albumin 
D)  Dissolved in the plasma 
A)  Attached to oxygen 
B)  In the form of bicarbonate 
C)  Combined with albumin 
D)  Dissolved in the plasma

Question 14

If a patient's hemoglobin concentration (Hb)is 14 g/100 ml and his arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)is 98%,what would be his arterial oxygen content? Remember that 1.34 ml O2 is the maximum amount of oxygen that can be transported per gram of hemoglobin.(Hint: O2 content 1 [1.34 × Hb] SaO2. )

Accepted Answer

A)  13.72 ml O2 per 100 ml blood 
B)  18.38 ml O2 per 100 ml blood 
C)  18.76 ml O2 per 100 ml blood 
D)  19.30 ml O2 per 100 ml blood 
A)  13.72 ml O2 per 100 ml blood 
B)  18.38 ml O2 per 100 ml blood 
C)  18.76 ml O2 per 100 ml blood 
D)  19.30 ml O2 per 100 ml blood

Question 15

A male child aspirated a small piece of hot dog.On auscultation of his lungs,the nurse would most likely expect decreased or absent breath sound over his:

Accepted Answer

A)  left lung. 
B)  right lung 
C)  trachea 
D)  carina. 
A)  left lung. 
B)  right lung 
C)  trachea 
D)  carina.

Question 16

Which datum is used to assess the adequacy of a patient's alveolar ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventilatory rate 
B)  Ventilatory pattern 
C)  Respiratory effort 
D)  Arterial blood gas 
A)  Ventilatory rate 
B)  Ventilatory pattern 
C)  Respiratory effort 
D)  Arterial blood gas

Question 17

Approximately 1000 ml (1 L)of oxygen is transported to cells each minute.How is most of the oxygen is transported?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissolved in plasma 
B)  Bound to hemoglobin 
C)  In the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) 
D)  Bound to protein 
A)  Dissolved in plasma 
B)  Bound to hemoglobin 
C)  In the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) 
D)  Bound to protein

Question 18

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  accessory muscles. 
B)  muscles of expiration. 
C)  intercostal muscles. 
D)  muscles of inspiration. 
A)  accessory muscles. 
B)  muscles of expiration. 
C)  intercostal muscles. 
D)  muscles of inspiration.

Exam 31: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

How does surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes facilitate alveolar distention and ventilation?

What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

The bronchial circulation is part of the systemic circulation and does not participate in gas exchange.

Pressure in the pleural space is:

If a patient develops acidosis or a fever,the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to:

The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via the _____ nerve.

MATCHING Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. ) -Senses pH of cerebrospinal fluid

Where do receptors such as stretch and peripheral chemoreceptors send afferent impulses regarding ventilation?

The oropharynx is considered part of a conduction airway.

MATCHING Match the receptor with its action and then with its location.(Receptors may be used more than once. ) -Initiates rapid,shallow breathing

What does decreased compliance within the lung mean?

How is most carbon dioxide carried in the blood?

If a patient's hemoglobin concentration (Hb)is 14 g/100 ml and his arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)is 98%,what would be his arterial oxygen content? Remember that 1.34 ml O2 is the maximum amount of oxygen that can be transported per gram of hemoglobin.(Hint: O2 content 1 [1.34 × Hb] SaO2. )

A male child aspirated a small piece of hot dog.On auscultation of his lungs,the nurse would most likely expect decreased or absent breath sound over his:

Which datum is used to assess the adequacy of a patient's alveolar ventilation?

Approximately 1000 ml (1 L)of oxygen is transported to cells each minute.How is most of the oxygen is transported?

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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