Question 1

In a neuron at rest,the membrane is most permeable to

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) sodium. 
C) chloride. 
D) calcium. 
E) magnesium. 
A) potassium. 
B) sodium. 
C) chloride. 
D) calcium. 
E) magnesium.

Question 2

Cranial nerves are connected directly to the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Metabotropic receptors act by initiating changes in second messenger systems in target cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Propose a valid reason to explain why is it critical that the K+ channel activation gate responds slightly slower to depolarization than the Na+ channel activation gate.

Accepted Answer

A) If both gates showed identical response times,movements of Na+ and K+ ions would cancel out each other's effects on membrane potential changes. 
B) If both gates showed identical response times,movements of Na+ and K+ ions would magnify each other's effects on membrane potential changes,creating dangerously large action potentials. 
C) It is not critical and there would be no change in action potential characteristics if this difference in response time did not exist. 
D) The conformational change in one gate is necessary to trigger the activation of the other. 
A) If both gates showed identical response times,movements of Na+ and K+ ions would cancel out each other's effects on membrane potential changes. 
B) If both gates showed identical response times,movements of Na+ and K+ ions would magnify each other's effects on membrane potential changes,creating dangerously large action potentials. 
C) It is not critical and there would be no change in action potential characteristics if this difference in response time did not exist. 
D) The conformational change in one gate is necessary to trigger the activation of the other.

Question 5

The level of the vertebrate nervous system responsible for the skeletal muscle responses to stimuli is the ___________________ system.

Accepted Answer

A) sensory 
B) somatic 
C) sympathetic 
D) All of these answers are correct. 
A) sensory 
B) somatic 
C) sympathetic 
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 6

Compare the leakage rates of sodium and potassium into and out of a neuron at rest.How is the relationship between these rates best described?

Accepted Answer

A) Leakage of sodium ions out of the neuron is greater than leakage of potassium ions into the neuron. 
B) Leakage of sodium ions into the neuron is greater than leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron. 
C) Leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron is greater than leakage of sodium ions into the neuron. 
D) Leakage of potassium ions into the neuron is greater than leakage of sodium ions out of the neuron. 
E) Leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron is equivalent to leakage of sodium ions into the neuron. 
A) Leakage of sodium ions out of the neuron is greater than leakage of potassium ions into the neuron. 
B) Leakage of sodium ions into the neuron is greater than leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron. 
C) Leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron is greater than leakage of sodium ions into the neuron. 
D) Leakage of potassium ions into the neuron is greater than leakage of sodium ions out of the neuron. 
E) Leakage of potassium ions out of the neuron is equivalent to leakage of sodium ions into the neuron.

Question 7

Activities like playing a musical instrument regularly can affect the size of brain regions involved in performing these activities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The mammalian circadian pacemaker is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus. 
B) brainstem. 
C) somatosensory cortex. 
D) adrenal glanD. 
E) hippocampus. 
A) hypothalamus. 
B) brainstem. 
C) somatosensory cortex. 
D) adrenal glanD. 
E) hippocampus.

Question 9

The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ and K+ into the cell. 
B) Na+ and K+ out of the cell. 
C) Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell. 
D) Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. 
E) Na+ and K+ into the cell and H+ out of the cell through an antiport mechanism. 
A) Na+ and K+ into the cell. 
B) Na+ and K+ out of the cell. 
C) Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell. 
D) Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. 
E) Na+ and K+ into the cell and H+ out of the cell through an antiport mechanism.

Question 10

The Nernst Equation is: E = 60 mV log10 ([Xextracellular/Xintracellular]).Given this,the equilibrium potential for a given ion would be increased with an increase in its intracellular concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

(Check all that apply)Depression is usually

Accepted Answer

A)  counteracted with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 
B)  the result of a neurotransmission disorder 
C)  counteracted with neurotransmitters that inhibit the secretion of serotonin. 
D)  found more often in men than in women. 
A)  counteracted with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 
B)  the result of a neurotransmission disorder 
C)  counteracted with neurotransmitters that inhibit the secretion of serotonin. 
D)  found more often in men than in women.

Question 12

A neurologist diagnoses a patient with damage to the hippocampus.This observation is consistent with the difficulties the patient reports with

Accepted Answer

A) forming memories of recent events. 
B) effectively coordinating movements once initiated. 
C) planning movements. 
D) maintaining a steady and regular heartbeat. 
E) perceiving tactile stimulation from different regions of their body. 
A) forming memories of recent events. 
B) effectively coordinating movements once initiated. 
C) planning movements. 
D) maintaining a steady and regular heartbeat. 
E) perceiving tactile stimulation from different regions of their body.

Question 13

The brain region responsible for producing hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland is the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 14

Indicate the mechanism responsible for the rapid depolarization that occurs as the "upsweep" of membrane potential peaks during the action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates 
B) closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates 
C) opening of the voltage-gated K+ channel gates 
D) both opening of the K+ channel gates and closing of the Na+ channel inactivation gates 
E) both opening of the K+ channel gates and closing of the Na+ channel activation gates 
A) closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates 
B) closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates 
C) opening of the voltage-gated K+ channel gates 
D) both opening of the K+ channel gates and closing of the Na+ channel inactivation gates 
E) both opening of the K+ channel gates and closing of the Na+ channel activation gates

Question 15

The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system include
1) )those responsible for information processing,and
2) )those providing mechanical and metabolic support.
These two categories of specialized cells are called

Accepted Answer

A) microglia and Schwann cells. 
B) neurons and glial cells. 
C) Schwann cells and glial cells. 
D) neurons and fibrocytes. 
E) astrocytes and Schwann cells. 
A) microglia and Schwann cells. 
B) neurons and glial cells. 
C) Schwann cells and glial cells. 
D) neurons and fibrocytes. 
E) astrocytes and Schwann cells.

Question 16

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents by exocytosis at the

Accepted Answer

A) dendrite. 
B) axon hillock. 
C) nodes of Ranvier. 
D) postsynaptic membrane. 
E) presynaptic membranE. 
A) dendrite. 
B) axon hillock. 
C) nodes of Ranvier. 
D) postsynaptic membrane. 
E) presynaptic membranE.

Question 17

Identify the key feature of the action potential that ensures it will travel only one direction.

Accepted Answer

A) the activation state of the voltage-gated Na+ channel 
B) the inactivation state of the voltage-gated Na+ channel 
C) the activation state of the voltage-gated K+ channel 
D) the inactivation state of the voltage-gated K+ channel 
E) the temporary cessation in activity of the Na+/K+ pump 
A) the activation state of the voltage-gated Na+ channel 
B) the inactivation state of the voltage-gated Na+ channel 
C) the activation state of the voltage-gated K+ channel 
D) the inactivation state of the voltage-gated K+ channel 
E) the temporary cessation in activity of the Na+/K+ pump

Question 18

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents at the axon hillock region.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Damage to the cerebellum could result in

Accepted Answer

A) decreased ability to balance. 
B) loss of hearing. 
C) loss of vision. 
D) loss of taste sensation. 
E) diminished thermoreceptive sensation. 
A) decreased ability to balance. 
B) loss of hearing. 
C) loss of vision. 
D) loss of taste sensation. 
E) diminished thermoreceptive sensation.

Question 20

When a neuron undergoes a change in membrane potential that is proportional to (i.e. ,varies depending on)the strength of the stimulus given to that neuron,this is referred to as a/an

Accepted Answer

A) equilibrium potential. 
B) action potential. 
C) resting potential. 
D) reversal potential. 
E) graded potential. 
A) equilibrium potential. 
B) action potential. 
C) resting potential. 
D) reversal potential. 
E) graded potential.

Exam 32: Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

In a neuron at rest,the membrane is most permeable to

Cranial nerves are connected directly to the brain.

Metabotropic receptors act by initiating changes in second messenger systems in target cells.

Propose a valid reason to explain why is it critical that the K+ channel activation gate responds slightly slower to depolarization than the Na+ channel activation gate.

The level of the vertebrate nervous system responsible for the skeletal muscle responses to stimuli is the ___________________ system.

Compare the leakage rates of sodium and potassium into and out of a neuron at rest.How is the relationship between these rates best described?

Activities like playing a musical instrument regularly can affect the size of brain regions involved in performing these activities.

The mammalian circadian pacemaker is located in the

The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move

The Nernst Equation is: E = 60 mV log10 ([Xextracellular/Xintracellular]).Given this,the equilibrium potential for a given ion would be increased with an increase in its intracellular concentration.

(Check all that apply)Depression is usually

A neurologist diagnoses a patient with damage to the hippocampus.This observation is consistent with the difficulties the patient reports with

The brain region responsible for producing hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland is the

Indicate the mechanism responsible for the rapid depolarization that occurs as the "upsweep" of membrane potential peaks during the action potential.

The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system include 1) )those responsible for information processing,and 2) )those providing mechanical and metabolic support. These two categories of specialized cells are called

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents by exocytosis at the

Identify the key feature of the action potential that ensures it will travel only one direction.

Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents at the axon hillock region.

Damage to the cerebellum could result in

When a neuron undergoes a change in membrane potential that is proportional to (i.e. ,varies depending on)the strength of the stimulus given to that neuron,this is referred to as a/an

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Transport, and Cell Junctions

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Repetitive Sequences, and Bioinformatics

Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution and Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Microorganisms: The Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity: Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Plant Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Animal Bodies and Homeostasis

Neuroscience II: Sensory Systems

Muscular-Skeletal Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction and Development

Immune Systems

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Physical Environment

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Propose a valid reason to explain why is it critical that the K⁺ channel activation gate responds slightly slower to depolarization than the Na⁺ channel activation gate.

The Nernst Equation is: E = 60 mV log₁₀ ([X_{extracellular}/X_{intracellular}]).Given this,the equilibrium potential for a given ion would be increased with an increase in its intracellular concentration.