Question 1

Amphistegina gibbosa is a species of protist with filose pseudopodia found near coral reefs.What cannot be true of A. gibbosa?

Accepted Answer

A) They are enclosed within a shell composed of calcium carbonate. 
B) They have sacs under the cell membrane. 
C) They are heterotrophic. 
D) They are closely related to radiolarians. 
A) They are enclosed within a shell composed of calcium carbonate. 
B) They have sacs under the cell membrane. 
C) They are heterotrophic. 
D) They are closely related to radiolarians.

Question 2

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) They maintain cell shape. 
B) They prevent horizontal gene transfer. 
C) They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt. 
D) They protect against other bacteria. 
E) They protect against viruses. 
A) They maintain cell shape. 
B) They prevent horizontal gene transfer. 
C) They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt. 
D) They protect against other bacteria. 
E) They protect against viruses.

Question 3

The group of protists to which you are most closely related is:

Accepted Answer

A) the choanoflagellates 
B) slime molds 
C) Rhizaria 
D) Foraminifera 
E) Stramenopila 
A) the choanoflagellates 
B) slime molds 
C) Rhizaria 
D) Foraminifera 
E) Stramenopila

Question 4

The evolution of organisms that use oxygen in their respiration was possible only because of the action of a group of bacteria that produced oxygen and changed the Earth's atmosphere from an anoxic one to one rich in oxygen.That group of bacteria was:

Accepted Answer

A) cyanobacteria 
B) spirochaetes 
C) proteobacteria 
D) Staphylococcus 
E) actinobacteria 
A) cyanobacteria 
B) spirochaetes 
C) proteobacteria 
D) Staphylococcus 
E) actinobacteria

Question 5

Phytophthora infestans is a pathogen that attacks a variety of plants.This pathogen is an example of what type of protist?

Accepted Answer

A) algae 
B) fungus-like protists 
C) protozoans 
D) periphyton 
E) plankton 
A) algae 
B) fungus-like protists 
C) protozoans 
D) periphyton 
E) plankton

Question 6

Archaea that tolerate and/or require high salinities are called halophiles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with EukaryA. 
B) Bacteria and Eukarya diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Archaea. 
C) Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. 
D) All three domains diverged from a common ancestor at the same time. 
A) Bacteria and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with EukaryA. 
B) Bacteria and Eukarya diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Archaea. 
C) Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. 
D) All three domains diverged from a common ancestor at the same time.

Question 8

An obligate anaerobe is an organism that:

Accepted Answer

A) is poisoned by oxygen 
B) requires oxygen 
C) can use oxygen but can get along without it 
D) does not use oxygen but is not poisoned by it 
E) produces oxygen 
A) is poisoned by oxygen 
B) requires oxygen 
C) can use oxygen but can get along without it 
D) does not use oxygen but is not poisoned by it 
E) produces oxygen

Question 9

Red algae,green algae,and plants are so closely related that they are grouped in the same supergroup by most biologists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Methanotrophs affect global temperature.This is because:

Accepted Answer

A) Methanotrophs metabolize methane,thereby reducing the amount of methane in the atmosphere.Since methane is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,its reduction by methanotrophs helps prevent global warming. 
B) Methanotrophs convert methane to carbon dioxide and increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Since carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,its production by methanotrophs contributes to global warming. 
C) Methanotrophs convert carbon dioxide to methane and increase the amount of methane in the atmosphere.Since methane is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,its production by methanotrophs contributes to global warming. 
D) Methanotrophs convert methane to carbon dioxide,thereby decreasing the amount of methane in the environment but increasing the amount of carbon dioxide there.Since both methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,the decrease in one cancels the increase in the other and methanotrophs have no net effect on global warming. 
E) Methanotrophs combine carbon dioxide and methane to form petroleum and in this way take both methane and carbon dioxide out of the atmospherE.Since both methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,the decrease in both helps prevent global warming. 
A) Methanotrophs metabolize methane,thereby reducing the amount of methane in the atmosphere.Since methane is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,its reduction by methanotrophs helps prevent global warming. 
B) Methanotrophs convert methane to carbon dioxide and increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Since carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,its production by methanotrophs contributes to global warming. 
C) Methanotrophs convert carbon dioxide to methane and increase the amount of methane in the atmosphere.Since methane is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,its production by methanotrophs contributes to global warming. 
D) Methanotrophs convert methane to carbon dioxide,thereby decreasing the amount of methane in the environment but increasing the amount of carbon dioxide there.Since both methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,the decrease in one cancels the increase in the other and methanotrophs have no net effect on global warming. 
E) Methanotrophs combine carbon dioxide and methane to form petroleum and in this way take both methane and carbon dioxide out of the atmospherE.Since both methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature,the decrease in both helps prevent global warming.

Question 11

The proteobacterium Rhizobium lives in a close association with legume roots,providing a source of nitrogen for the plant.In return,the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis.In this relationship,Rhizobium is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) pathogen 
B) parasite 
C) producer 
D) methanogen 
E) mutualist 
A) pathogen 
B) parasite 
C) producer 
D) methanogen 
E) mutualist

Question 12

You are studying the bacteria in the water of a nearby pond.From a 100 mL sample,you use a 0.5 mL subsample to inoculate a plastic dish filled with a semisolid nutrient medium that fosters growth of coliform bacteria.After an appropriate incubation period,you count 100 bacterial colonies growing on the surface of the medium.What conclusion can you make about the coliform bacteria in the pond water?

Accepted Answer

A) There is approximately one coliform bacterial cell per milliliter. 
B) There are approximately 200 coliform bacterial cells per milliliter. 
C) There is approximately one coliform bacterial species per milliliter. 
D) There are approximately 200 coliform bacterial species per milliliter. 
A) There is approximately one coliform bacterial cell per milliliter. 
B) There are approximately 200 coliform bacterial cells per milliliter. 
C) There is approximately one coliform bacterial species per milliliter. 
D) There are approximately 200 coliform bacterial species per milliliter.

Question 13

In the Gulf of Mexico,red tides caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis cause massive fish kills as well as respiratory problems in humans.As an environmental scientist,what would you suggest concerned citizens do to help prevent these red tides?

Accepted Answer

A) Purchase fuel-efficient vehicles 
B) Decrease the amount of artificial light in coastal areas 
C) Encourage sustainable fishing 
D) Reduce fertilizer use on lawns and gardens 
E) Participate in beach cleanup efforts 
A) Purchase fuel-efficient vehicles 
B) Decrease the amount of artificial light in coastal areas 
C) Encourage sustainable fishing 
D) Reduce fertilizer use on lawns and gardens 
E) Participate in beach cleanup efforts

Question 14

Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) locomotion via pseudopodia 
B) hard shells composed of calcium carbonate 
C) plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis 
D) alveoli beneath the plasma membrane 
E) the presence of a feeding groove 
A) locomotion via pseudopodia 
B) hard shells composed of calcium carbonate 
C) plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis 
D) alveoli beneath the plasma membrane 
E) the presence of a feeding groove

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria benefit humans?

Accepted Answer

A) production of foodstuffs such as cheese 
B) production of antibiotics 
C) breaking down wastes,toxins,explosives,and petrochemicals 
D) killing harmful insects 
E) transferring nutrients across intestinal membranes 
A) production of foodstuffs such as cheese 
B) production of antibiotics 
C) breaking down wastes,toxins,explosives,and petrochemicals 
D) killing harmful insects 
E) transferring nutrients across intestinal membranes

Question 16

Most extremophiles are archaea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic,live in moist environments,and cannot be classified in the animal,plant,or fungal kingdoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite,borne by mosquitoes,that constitutes a serious health problem for humans.The disease it causes is:

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes 
B) malaria 
C) yellow fever 
D) dengue fever 
E) Lyme disease 
A) diabetes 
B) malaria 
C) yellow fever 
D) dengue fever 
E) Lyme disease

Question 19

Protozoa are monophyletic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Mitochondria originated from proteobacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Microorganisms: The Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists

Amphistegina gibbosa is a species of protist with filose pseudopodia found near coral reefs.What cannot be true of A. gibbosa?

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria?

The group of protists to which you are most closely related is:

The evolution of organisms that use oxygen in their respiration was possible only because of the action of a group of bacteria that produced oxygen and changed the Earth's atmosphere from an anoxic one to one rich in oxygen.That group of bacteria was:

Phytophthora infestans is a pathogen that attacks a variety of plants.This pathogen is an example of what type of protist?

Archaea that tolerate and/or require high salinities are called halophiles.

Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains?

An obligate anaerobe is an organism that:

Red algae,green algae,and plants are so closely related that they are grouped in the same supergroup by most biologists.

Methanotrophs affect global temperature.This is because:

The proteobacterium Rhizobium lives in a close association with legume roots,providing a source of nitrogen for the plant.In return,the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis.In this relationship,Rhizobium is an example of a(n):

In the Gulf of Mexico,red tides caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis cause massive fish kills as well as respiratory problems in humans.As an environmental scientist,what would you suggest concerned citizens do to help prevent these red tides?

Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by:

Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria benefit humans?

Most extremophiles are archaea.

Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic,live in moist environments,and cannot be classified in the animal,plant,or fungal kingdoms.

Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite,borne by mosquitoes,that constitutes a serious health problem for humans.The disease it causes is:

Protozoa are monophyletic.

Mitochondria originated from proteobacteria.

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Transport, and Cell Junctions

Energy, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Genetic Technology

Genomes, Repetitive Sequences, and Bioinformatics

Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution and Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity: Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Plant Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Animal Bodies and Homeostasis

Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

Neuroscience II: Sensory Systems

Muscular-Skeletal Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and the Homeostasis of Internal Fluids

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction and Development

Immune Systems

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Physical Environment

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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