Question 1

Geneticists designate heritability as "narrow" or "broad" to account for the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  genes contribute to different degrees. Typically, recessive alleles are rare and can have a large impact and dominant alleles tend to be common with minor but additive effects. 
B)  genes contribute to different degrees. Typically, dominant alleles are rare and have a small impact and recessive alleles tend to be common, each with major effects. 
C)  genes that determine body weight also affect many other phenotypes. 
D)  genes contribute to different degrees. Typically, dominant alleles are rare and can have a large impact and recessive alleles tend to be common with minor but additive effects. 
E)  dominant and recessive alleles have equal impact, but dominant alleles are more common than recessive alleles. 
A)  genes contribute to different degrees. Typically, recessive alleles are rare and can have a large impact and dominant alleles tend to be common with minor but additive effects. 
B)  genes contribute to different degrees. Typically, dominant alleles are rare and have a small impact and recessive alleles tend to be common, each with major effects. 
C)  genes that determine body weight also affect many other phenotypes. 
D)  genes contribute to different degrees. Typically, dominant alleles are rare and can have a large impact and recessive alleles tend to be common with minor but additive effects. 
E)  dominant and recessive alleles have equal impact, but dominant alleles are more common than recessive alleles.

Question 2

Mendel's laws

Accepted Answer

A)  do not apply to multifactorial traits. 
B)  apply to multifactorial traits but may be difficult to follow because different genes contribute in different degrees to a phenotype. 
C)  operate in some genes that contribute to a multifactorial trait but not in others. 
D)  apply only to polygenic but not multifactorial traits. 
E)  apply only to Mendelian traits. 
A)  do not apply to multifactorial traits. 
B)  apply to multifactorial traits but may be difficult to follow because different genes contribute in different degrees to a phenotype. 
C)  operate in some genes that contribute to a multifactorial trait but not in others. 
D)  apply only to polygenic but not multifactorial traits. 
E)  apply only to Mendelian traits.

Question 3

Jermaine is a young African-American who has symptomatic hepatitis C,a chronic liver infection.One of his roommates,Eric,also has hepatitis C,and is receiving alpha interferon. When Jermaine asks his doctor about getting the treatment,the doctor says it is only prescribed for white patients.The mistake that this doctor is making is that

Accepted Answer

A)  population-based drug-ethnic/racial group associations may not apply to individuals. 
B)  he is a bigot. 
C)  hepatitis C has nothing to do with skin color. 
D)  he doesn't know Eric's race. 
E)  Jermaine might do better with delta interferon. 
A)  population-based drug-ethnic/racial group associations may not apply to individuals. 
B)  he is a bigot. 
C)  hepatitis C has nothing to do with skin color. 
D)  he doesn't know Eric's race. 
E)  Jermaine might do better with delta interferon.

Question 4

The empiric risk that the monozygotic twin of a person with cleft lip also has cleft lift is ___ times the risk to a member of the general population who has no relatives with cleft lip.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  40 
C)  100 
D)  400 
E)  0 
A)  4 
B)  40 
C)  100 
D)  400 
E)  0

Question 5

If a trait has a large inherited component,then concordance among monozygotic twins will be

Accepted Answer

A)  considerably higher than that of dizygotic twins. 
B)  considerably lower than that of dizygotic twins. 
C)  about the same as that of dizygotic twins. 
D)  100%. 
E)  0%. 
A)  considerably higher than that of dizygotic twins. 
B)  considerably lower than that of dizygotic twins. 
C)  about the same as that of dizygotic twins. 
D)  100%. 
E)  0%.

Question 6

A brother and sister share ___ percent of their genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  100 
E)  0 
A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  100 
E)  0

Question 7

The degree to which genes contribute to Krabbe disease compared to osteoporosis is that

Accepted Answer

A) Krabbe disease is caused by small contributions from many genes,with no environmental component. 
B) Krabbe disease and osteoporosis are caused by mutations in different single genes. 
C) Krabbe disease and osteoporosis are caused by a mutation in the same single gene,but it acts early in life in Krabbe disease and later in life in osteoporosis. 
D) Krabbe disease is genetic and osteoporosis is caused entirely by environmental factors,such as lack of weight-bearing exercise and a diet poor in calcium and vitamin D. 
E) Krabbe disease is very rare and caused by a mutation in a single gene,whereas osteoporosis is caused by several genes and environmental factors 
A) Krabbe disease is caused by small contributions from many genes,with no environmental component. 
B) Krabbe disease and osteoporosis are caused by mutations in different single genes. 
C) Krabbe disease and osteoporosis are caused by a mutation in the same single gene,but it acts early in life in Krabbe disease and later in life in osteoporosis. 
D) Krabbe disease is genetic and osteoporosis is caused entirely by environmental factors,such as lack of weight-bearing exercise and a diet poor in calcium and vitamin D. 
E) Krabbe disease is very rare and caused by a mutation in a single gene,whereas osteoporosis is caused by several genes and environmental factors

Question 8

Two brothers share ___ percent of their genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  100 
E)  0 
A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  100 
E)  0

Question 9

Average height of college students increased throughout the 20th century because

Accepted Answer

A)  more students attended college. 
B)  more tall students attended college. 
C)  more short students went into military service instead of college. 
D)  nutrition improved greatly in that time. 
E)  many mutations conferring great height occurred during that time period. 
A)  more students attended college. 
B)  more tall students attended college. 
C)  more short students went into military service instead of college. 
D)  nutrition improved greatly in that time. 
E)  many mutations conferring great height occurred during that time period.

Question 10

The empiric risk to a family member of an affected individual developing a disorder caused by a multifactorial trait

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases with severity of the disorder. 
B)  increases with fewer affected family members. 
C)  decreases in larger families. 
D)  increases with increasing relatedness to affected individuals. 
E)  remains the same in a population. 
A)  decreases with severity of the disorder. 
B)  increases with fewer affected family members. 
C)  decreases in larger families. 
D)  increases with increasing relatedness to affected individuals. 
E)  remains the same in a population.

Question 11

A gene discovery technique that looks at regions of the genome where individuals have the same alleles much more often than expected by chance,because their ancestors were blood relatives,is called

Accepted Answer

A)  homozygosity mapping. 
B)  heterozygosity mapping. 
C)  the defective sibling pair approach. 
D)  empiric risk. 
E)  a genome-wide association study. 
A)  homozygosity mapping. 
B)  heterozygosity mapping. 
C)  the defective sibling pair approach. 
D)  empiric risk. 
E)  a genome-wide association study.

Question 12

Heritability refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic contribution to a phenotype in a population at a particular time. 
B)  the genetic contribution to the variability of a phenotype in a population at a particular time. 
C)  the number of genes contributing to a trait in a population. 
D)  the penetrance of the genes contributing to a trait in a population. 
E)  the degree to which offspring resemble parents. 
A)  the genetic contribution to a phenotype in a population at a particular time. 
B)  the genetic contribution to the variability of a phenotype in a population at a particular time. 
C)  the number of genes contributing to a trait in a population. 
D)  the penetrance of the genes contributing to a trait in a population. 
E)  the degree to which offspring resemble parents.

Question 13

Multifactorial traits include

Accepted Answer

A)  only single gene traits. 
B)  only polygenic traits. 
C)  neither single gene nor polygenic traits. 
D)  both single gene and polygenic traits. 
E)  only traits that have no genetic cause. 
A)  only single gene traits. 
B)  only polygenic traits. 
C)  neither single gene nor polygenic traits. 
D)  both single gene and polygenic traits. 
E)  only traits that have no genetic cause.

Question 14

Polygenic traits are

Accepted Answer

A)  determined by a single gene. 
B)  determined by more than one gene. 
C)  phenotypically different in different organisms. 
D)  associated with many symptoms. 
E)  determined by genes on the same chromosome. 
A)  determined by a single gene. 
B)  determined by more than one gene. 
C)  phenotypically different in different organisms. 
D)  associated with many symptoms. 
E)  determined by genes on the same chromosome.

Question 15

The coefficient of relatedness indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of relatives with a certain trait. 
B)  the proportion of genes that types of relatives share. 
C)  the heritability of a trait. 
D)  the number of genes responsible for a polygenic trait. 
E)  the number of alleles of the genes that are responsible for a polygenic trait. 
A)  the number of relatives with a certain trait. 
B)  the proportion of genes that types of relatives share. 
C)  the heritability of a trait. 
D)  the number of genes responsible for a polygenic trait. 
E)  the number of alleles of the genes that are responsible for a polygenic trait.

Question 16

Genes that help to control body weight encode the proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrin, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin. 
B)  collagen, elastin, and dystrophin. 
C)  estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone. 
D)  leptin, ghrelin, and the melanocortin-4 receptor. 
E)  glucosamine, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid. 
A)  fibrin, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin. 
B)  collagen, elastin, and dystrophin. 
C)  estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone. 
D)  leptin, ghrelin, and the melanocortin-4 receptor. 
E)  glucosamine, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid.

Question 17

Concordance refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a type of airplane. 
B)  percentage of monozygotic twin pairs in which both express the trait. 
C)  percentage of dizygotic twin pairs in which both express the trait. 
D)  percentage of twin pairs in which both express a trait among pairs in which at least one twin has the trait. 
E)  the percentage of dizygotic twin pairs in which the members look identical. 
A)  a type of airplane. 
B)  percentage of monozygotic twin pairs in which both express the trait. 
C)  percentage of dizygotic twin pairs in which both express the trait. 
D)  percentage of twin pairs in which both express a trait among pairs in which at least one twin has the trait. 
E)  the percentage of dizygotic twin pairs in which the members look identical.

Question 18

The DNA of monozygotic twins is

Accepted Answer

A)  identical in the number and distribution of copy number variants, but not necessarily in sequence. 
B)  different in the number and distribution of copy number variants, but identical in sequence. 
C)  identical in the number and distribution of copy number variants and in sequence. 
D)  different in the number and distribution of copy number variants and in sequence. 
E)  as alike as the DNA of any two full siblings. 
A)  identical in the number and distribution of copy number variants, but not necessarily in sequence. 
B)  different in the number and distribution of copy number variants, but identical in sequence. 
C)  identical in the number and distribution of copy number variants and in sequence. 
D)  different in the number and distribution of copy number variants and in sequence. 
E)  as alike as the DNA of any two full siblings.

Question 19

Fingerprint pattern is inherited,but also affected by the environment.An example of how the environment naturally can alter fingerprint pattern is

Accepted Answer

A)  a criminal taking off the fingertip skin with acid. 
B)  rubbing the prints off by using ones hands to climb mountains. 
C)  a fetus touching the developing toe and finger pads to the wall of the amniotic sac. 
D)  cancer of the digits. 
E)  the fingertips rubbing away from too much computer use. 
A)  a criminal taking off the fingertip skin with acid. 
B)  rubbing the prints off by using ones hands to climb mountains. 
C)  a fetus touching the developing toe and finger pads to the wall of the amniotic sac. 
D)  cancer of the digits. 
E)  the fingertips rubbing away from too much computer use.

Question 20

Mutations and SNPs are different in that

Accepted Answer

A)  SNPs are rare and typically have a large effect on a phenotype, whereas mutations are common and each contribute a small degree to a phenotype. 
B)  SNPs have been well-studied for a long time, but mutations have only been studied since the sequencing of the human genome. 
C)  mutations are rare and typically have a large effect on a phenotype, whereas SNPs are common and each may contribute a small degree to a phenotype. 
D)  mutations affect many DNA bases in a gene whereas SNPs affect only a single base. 
E)  mutations occur in autosomes and SNPs occur in the sex chromosomes. 
A)  SNPs are rare and typically have a large effect on a phenotype, whereas mutations are common and each contribute a small degree to a phenotype. 
B)  SNPs have been well-studied for a long time, but mutations have only been studied since the sequencing of the human genome. 
C)  mutations are rare and typically have a large effect on a phenotype, whereas SNPs are common and each may contribute a small degree to a phenotype. 
D)  mutations affect many DNA bases in a gene whereas SNPs affect only a single base. 
E)  mutations occur in autosomes and SNPs occur in the sex chromosomes.

Exam 7: Multifactorial Traits

Geneticists designate heritability as "narrow" or "broad" to account for the fact that

Mendel's laws

The empiric risk that the monozygotic twin of a person with cleft lip also has cleft lift is ___ times the risk to a member of the general population who has no relatives with cleft lip.

If a trait has a large inherited component,then concordance among monozygotic twins will be

A brother and sister share ___ percent of their genes.

The degree to which genes contribute to Krabbe disease compared to osteoporosis is that

Two brothers share ___ percent of their genes.

Average height of college students increased throughout the 20th century because

The empiric risk to a family member of an affected individual developing a disorder caused by a multifactorial trait

A gene discovery technique that looks at regions of the genome where individuals have the same alleles much more often than expected by chance,because their ancestors were blood relatives,is called

Heritability refers to

Multifactorial traits include

Polygenic traits are

The coefficient of relatedness indicates

Genes that help to control body weight encode the proteins

Concordance refers to

The DNA of monozygotic twins is

Fingerprint pattern is inherited,but also affected by the environment.An example of how the environment naturally can alter fingerprint pattern is

Mutations and SNPs are different in that

Overview of Genetics

Cells

Meiosis and Development

Single-Gene Inheritance

Beyond Mendels Law

Matters of Sex

Genetics of Behavior

DNA Structure and Replication

Gene Action: From Dna to Protein

Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Gene Mutation

Chromosomes

Constant Allele Frequencies

Changing Allele Frequencies

Human Ancestry

Genetics of Immunity

Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Technologies: Amplifying, Modifying, and Monitoring DNA

Genetic Testing and Treatment

Reproductive Technologies

Genomics

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