Question 1

What is the correct order of events during primary succession?

Accepted Answer

A) Soil formation occurs - pioneer species enter the region,shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
B) pioneer species enter the region,soil formation occurs,shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
C) pioneer species enter the region,shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
D) pioneer species enter the region,climax status is reached- small trees begin to grow 
A) Soil formation occurs - pioneer species enter the region,shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
B) pioneer species enter the region,soil formation occurs,shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
C) pioneer species enter the region,shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
D) pioneer species enter the region,climax status is reached- small trees begin to grow

Question 2

An ecosystem contains

Accepted Answer

A) only the biotic components of the local environment. 
B) only the abiotic components of the local environment. 
C) only the energy flow components of an local environment. 
D) both the biotic and the abiotic components of the local environment. 
E) only the food relationships found in the local environment. 
A) only the biotic components of the local environment. 
B) only the abiotic components of the local environment. 
C) only the energy flow components of an local environment. 
D) both the biotic and the abiotic components of the local environment. 
E) only the food relationships found in the local environment.

Question 3

Energy flow in an ecosystem is not cyclic because energy is

Accepted Answer

A) destroyed as it is used. 
B) evenly spread out over many organisms. 
C) converted to many kinds of useful energy. 
D) increased as you go up the energy pyramid. 
E) converted to heat,which is no longer useful. 
A) destroyed as it is used. 
B) evenly spread out over many organisms. 
C) converted to many kinds of useful energy. 
D) increased as you go up the energy pyramid. 
E) converted to heat,which is no longer useful.

Question 4

A small marine amphipod has recently been discovered that carries a bad-tasting organism on its back,which is contrary to its normal behavior.If a fish ingests the pair,it immediately spits them back out.If the amphipod is alone,however,it is readily eaten.There is no apparent benefit or harm in this relationship for the "backpack" organism.This is probably a case of

Accepted Answer

A) mutualism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) commensalism. 
D) competitive exclusion. 
A) mutualism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) commensalism. 
D) competitive exclusion.

Question 5

_____ occurs when one living organism feeds on another.

Accepted Answer

A) Competition 
B) Mimicry 
C) Commensalism 
D) Predation 
E) Symbiosis 
A) Competition 
B) Mimicry 
C) Commensalism 
D) Predation 
E) Symbiosis

Question 6

Chemosynthetic producers obtain energy by the oxidation of ammonia,nitrites,and sulfides,using this energy to make organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the value of the nitrogen cycle to an ecosystem is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Denitrification removes nitrogen from the atmosphere and converts it to a form that plants can use. 
B) Nitrogen fixation can occur in aquatic systems or in soil bacteria. 
C) Nitrification occurs as ammonium is converted to nitrate. 
D) Nitrification occurs as nitrogen gas is converted to nitrate. 
E) Both ammonium and nitrate ions are highly water-soluble 
A) Denitrification removes nitrogen from the atmosphere and converts it to a form that plants can use. 
B) Nitrogen fixation can occur in aquatic systems or in soil bacteria. 
C) Nitrification occurs as ammonium is converted to nitrate. 
D) Nitrification occurs as nitrogen gas is converted to nitrate. 
E) Both ammonium and nitrate ions are highly water-soluble

Question 8

Consider the consequences of a harmless prey that evolves toward mimicry of a model that has an antipredator defense (Batesian mimicry).What happens to the effectiveness of this defense as more and more prey in the population are harmless mimics? Then consider what happens when a species with bad taste evolves to resemble a model that stings (Mullerian mimicry).

Accepted Answer

A) The number of Mullerian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Batesian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
B) The increase number of Batesian mimics dilutes or weakens the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
C) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is limited because both dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. 
D) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is unlimited because they both reinforce the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. 
A) The number of Mullerian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Batesian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
B) The increase number of Batesian mimics dilutes or weakens the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
C) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is limited because both dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. 
D) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is unlimited because they both reinforce the protection afforded by the warning color pattern.

Question 9

What is the correct sequence of organisms if a community is going through secondary succession? 
A.grasses establish themselves in the community
B.shrubs establish themselves in the community
C.soil formation occurs
D.trees establish themselves in the community

Accepted Answer

A) a - b - d 
B) c - a - b - d 
C) d - c - a - b 
D) c - a - d 
E) a - c - b 
A) a - b - d 
B) c - a - b - d 
C) d - c - a - b 
D) c - a - d 
E) a - c - b

Question 10

Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover.Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories,rabbit: 500 and hawk: 1200).Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight,rabbit: 100 calories,hawk: 300). How many rabbits,per day,does it take to support the hawk?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 6 
B) about 1/2 a rabbit 
C) 2 whole rabbits 
D) 12 rabbits 
A) approximately 6 
B) about 1/2 a rabbit 
C) 2 whole rabbits 
D) 12 rabbits

Question 11

The frequent change in HIV surface proteins is a type of

Accepted Answer

A) coevolution. 
B) parasitism. 
C) mutualism. 
D) commensalism. 
A) coevolution. 
B) parasitism. 
C) mutualism. 
D) commensalism.

Exam 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

What is the correct order of events during primary succession?

An ecosystem contains

Energy flow in an ecosystem is not cyclic because energy is

_____ occurs when one living organism feeds on another.

Chemosynthetic producers obtain energy by the oxidation of ammonia,nitrites,and sulfides,using this energy to make organic compounds.

Which of the following statements about the value of the nitrogen cycle to an ecosystem is NOT true?

What is the correct sequence of organisms if a community is going through secondary succession? A.grasses establish themselves in the community B.shrubs establish themselves in the community C.soil formation occurs D.trees establish themselves in the community

The frequent change in HIV surface proteins is a type of

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