Question 1

____________ occurs as ____________ builds up in the system if Enzyme A is nonfunctional because of an inherited mutation.

Accepted Answer

A) albinism; melanin 
B) xeroderma pigmentosum; tyrosine 
C) phenylketonuria; phenyalanine 
D) androgen insensitivity; tyrosine . 
A) albinism; melanin 
B) xeroderma pigmentosum; tyrosine 
C) phenylketonuria; phenyalanine 
D) androgen insensitivity; tyrosine .

Question 2

Which level of primary control in eukaryotic gene activity involves changes in the polypeptide chain before it becomes functional?

Accepted Answer

A) feedback control 
B) translational control 
C) transcriptional control 
D) posttranscriptional control 
E) posttranslational control 
A) feedback control 
B) translational control 
C) transcriptional control 
D) posttranscriptional control 
E) posttranslational control

Question 3

_________ control is the level of genetic control that involves the life span of the mRNA molecule and the ability of the mRNA to bind to ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Feedback control 
B) Translational control 
C) Transcriptional control 
D) Posttranscriptional control 
E) Posttranslational control 
A) Feedback control 
B) Translational control 
C) Transcriptional control 
D) Posttranscriptional control 
E) Posttranslational control

Question 4

_______ control is the most critical level of eukaryotic genetic control.

Accepted Answer

A) Feedback 
B) Translational 
C) Transcriptional 
D) Posttranscriptional 
E) Posttranslational 
A) Feedback 
B) Translational 
C) Transcriptional 
D) Posttranscriptional 
E) Posttranslational

Question 5

Which of the following structures is not part of an operon?

Accepted Answer

A) regulator gene 
B) promoter 
C) operator 
D) structural gene 
E) all of these are part of an operon 
A) regulator gene 
B) promoter 
C) operator 
D) structural gene 
E) all of these are part of an operon

Question 6

An oncogene is

Accepted Answer

A) a viral gene with no relation to the host cell's genes. 
B) a mutated form of a proto-oncogene. 
C) a bacterial gene that causes cancer in the host. 
D) always seen in human cancer cells. 
E) a gene that turns off cellular reproduction. 
A) a viral gene with no relation to the host cell's genes. 
B) a mutated form of a proto-oncogene. 
C) a bacterial gene that causes cancer in the host. 
D) always seen in human cancer cells. 
E) a gene that turns off cellular reproduction.

Question 7

Which of the following series of events is associated with the formation of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which are continuously active.There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. 
B) The oncogenes mutate and become proto-oncogenes which are continuously active.There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. 
C) The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which stop functioning altogether.There is also an associated increase in the tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. 
D) The oncogenes mutate and become proto-oncogenes which stop functioning altogether.There is also an associated increase in the tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. 
A) The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which are continuously active.There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. 
B) The oncogenes mutate and become proto-oncogenes which are continuously active.There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. 
C) The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which stop functioning altogether.There is also an associated increase in the tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. 
D) The oncogenes mutate and become proto-oncogenes which stop functioning altogether.There is also an associated increase in the tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells.

Question 8

You are more likely to develop some forms of cancer if you

Accepted Answer

A) are exposed to higher doses of radiation including X rays. 
B) are exposed to carcinogens. 
C) have a high incidence of cancer in your family history. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) are exposed to higher doses of radiation including X rays. 
B) are exposed to carcinogens. 
C) have a high incidence of cancer in your family history. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which component in an operon is incorrectly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

A) promoter-where RNA polymerase first binds to DNA 
B) regulator gene-binds to the repressor protein 
C) structural gene-makes mRNA by transcription 
D) operator-if not bound to repressor,allows RNA polymerase to bind to DNA 
A) promoter-where RNA polymerase first binds to DNA 
B) regulator gene-binds to the repressor protein 
C) structural gene-makes mRNA by transcription 
D) operator-if not bound to repressor,allows RNA polymerase to bind to DNA

Question 10

The genes of a single operon are all regulated by the same repressor,operator,and promoter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What complications could arise if an individual had a genetic disorder that prevented them from forming 25% of their histones?

Accepted Answer

A) The chromatin would not condense properly and some of it would not be available for transcriptional machinery resulting in the expression of additional genes. 
B) The chromatin would not condense properly and some of it would not be available for transcriptional machinery resulting in the decreased expression of their genes. 
C) The chromatin would condense more than normal and result in the expression of additional genes. 
D) The chromatin would condense more than normal and result in the expression of fewer than normal genes. 
A) The chromatin would not condense properly and some of it would not be available for transcriptional machinery resulting in the expression of additional genes. 
B) The chromatin would not condense properly and some of it would not be available for transcriptional machinery resulting in the decreased expression of their genes. 
C) The chromatin would condense more than normal and result in the expression of additional genes. 
D) The chromatin would condense more than normal and result in the expression of fewer than normal genes.

Question 12

In the transcription of DNA,remodeling proteins push the histone portion of the nucleosome aside so that transcription may begin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Accepted Answer

A) is characterized by a deficiency of RNA repair enzymes. 
B) is characterized by lung and colon cancers. 
C) leaves the liver cells vulnerable to the mutagenic effects of UV light. 
D) is associated with a high incidence of skin cancer. 
A) is characterized by a deficiency of RNA repair enzymes. 
B) is characterized by lung and colon cancers. 
C) leaves the liver cells vulnerable to the mutagenic effects of UV light. 
D) is associated with a high incidence of skin cancer.

Question 14

When a bacterium is introduced to a new environment that is an appropriate medium for that species to grow,fission allows a rapid expansion of the population (2-4-8-16-32-64 ...etc.).But there is usually a slight lag before the bacteria actually begin building up such a logarithmic growth curve.What is the best explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) It takes time for sub-cellular units to evolve the ability to digest new media. 
B) A bacterium is not actively producing all the enzymes it can code for,and it takes time to induce and amplify the production of the currently needed enzymes. 
C) Binary fission becomes more and more efficient. 
D) A new media dissolves away repressor proteins. 
E) Structural genes act more slowly than metabolic genes. 
A) It takes time for sub-cellular units to evolve the ability to digest new media. 
B) A bacterium is not actively producing all the enzymes it can code for,and it takes time to induce and amplify the production of the currently needed enzymes. 
C) Binary fission becomes more and more efficient. 
D) A new media dissolves away repressor proteins. 
E) Structural genes act more slowly than metabolic genes.

Question 15

Mutagens and carcinogens are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) induced mutations. 
B) spontaneous mutations. 
C) transposon activity. 
D) DNA replication errors. 
A) induced mutations. 
B) spontaneous mutations. 
C) transposon activity. 
D) DNA replication errors.

Question 16

The universal regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes for controlling gene expression includes

Accepted Answer

A) control of the genes transcribed and the rate they are transcribed. 
B) control of the processing of mRNA after it is transcribed from DNA but before it leaves the nucleus,and control of the rate it leaves the nucleus. 
C) control of mRNA in the cytoplasm after it leaves the nucleus,including changes to mRNA before translation begins. 
D) control of polypeptides after they have been synthesized but before they are functional. 
E) All of these mechanisms are used; there is no single universal mechanism. 
A) control of the genes transcribed and the rate they are transcribed. 
B) control of the processing of mRNA after it is transcribed from DNA but before it leaves the nucleus,and control of the rate it leaves the nucleus. 
C) control of mRNA in the cytoplasm after it leaves the nucleus,including changes to mRNA before translation begins. 
D) control of polypeptides after they have been synthesized but before they are functional. 
E) All of these mechanisms are used; there is no single universal mechanism.

Question 17

The term "operon" comes from the Latin root word for

Accepted Answer

A) gene. 
B) structure. 
C) controller. 
D) work. 
E) copy-producing. 
A) gene. 
B) structure. 
C) controller. 
D) work. 
E) copy-producing.

Question 18

Active genes in eukaryotic cells are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) euchromatin. 
B) heterochromatin. 
C) methylated RNA and histones. 
D) DNA with many methyl groups. 
A) euchromatin. 
B) heterochromatin. 
C) methylated RNA and histones. 
D) DNA with many methyl groups.

Question 19

A Barr body

Accepted Answer

A) is only found in male cells. 
B) is an inactive Y chromosome that produces reduced amount of gene products. 
C) is an inactive X chromosome that does not produce gene products. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) is only found in male cells. 
B) is an inactive Y chromosome that produces reduced amount of gene products. 
C) is an inactive X chromosome that does not produce gene products. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following situations would be considered an example of positive regulation of gene expression in a prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

A) The CAP protein regulating the lac operon to be active when glucose is absent and lactose is present. 
B) The CAP protein regulating the lac operon to be active when lactose is absent and glucose is present. 
C) The repressor protein regulating the lac operon to be active when glucose is absent and lactose is present. 
D) The repressor protein regulating the lac operon to be active when lactose is absent and glucose is present. 
A) The CAP protein regulating the lac operon to be active when glucose is absent and lactose is present. 
B) The CAP protein regulating the lac operon to be active when lactose is absent and glucose is present. 
C) The repressor protein regulating the lac operon to be active when glucose is absent and lactose is present. 
D) The repressor protein regulating the lac operon to be active when lactose is absent and glucose is present.

Exam 13: Regulation of Gene Expression

____________ occurs as ____________ builds up in the system if Enzyme A is nonfunctional because of an inherited mutation.

Which level of primary control in eukaryotic gene activity involves changes in the polypeptide chain before it becomes functional?

_________ control is the level of genetic control that involves the life span of the mRNA molecule and the ability of the mRNA to bind to ribosomes.

_______ control is the most critical level of eukaryotic genetic control.

Which of the following structures is not part of an operon?

An oncogene is

Which of the following series of events is associated with the formation of cancer?

You are more likely to develop some forms of cancer if you

Which component in an operon is incorrectly matched with its function?

The genes of a single operon are all regulated by the same repressor,operator,and promoter.

What complications could arise if an individual had a genetic disorder that prevented them from forming 25% of their histones?

In the transcription of DNA,remodeling proteins push the histone portion of the nucleosome aside so that transcription may begin.

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Mutagens and carcinogens are associated with

The universal regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes for controlling gene expression includes

The term "operon" comes from the Latin root word for

Active genes in eukaryotic cells are associated with

A Barr body

Which of the following situations would be considered an example of positive regulation of gene expression in a prokaryote?

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

occurs as builds up in the system if Enzyme A is nonfunctional because of an inherited mutation.