Question 1

Which of the following reactions illustrates an amphoteric compound?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 HF ⇌ H2F+ + F- 
B) NaOH + HBr ⇌ NaBr + H2O 
C) 2 H2 + O2 ⇌ 2 H2O 
D) All are amphoteric. 
E) none of the above 
A) 2 HF ⇌ H2F+ + F- 
B) NaOH + HBr ⇌ NaBr + H2O 
C) 2 H2 + O2 ⇌ 2 H2O 
D) All are amphoteric. 
E) none of the above

Question 2

Lakes lying in granite basins, such as those in the northeastern U.S., tend to become acidified by acid rain more readily than lakes lying in limestone basins, such as those found in the midwestern U.S. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A) The granite contains acidic minerals that dissolve in the rain water and are added to the lakes. 
B) Since the acidified water cannot percolate through the granite, the acid in the lakes becomes more concentrated. 
C) The limestone, which is calcium carbonate, serves to neutralize the acid in the rain. 
D) There is more acid rain in the northeast than in the midwestern regions of the U.S. 
A) The granite contains acidic minerals that dissolve in the rain water and are added to the lakes. 
B) Since the acidified water cannot percolate through the granite, the acid in the lakes becomes more concentrated. 
C) The limestone, which is calcium carbonate, serves to neutralize the acid in the rain. 
D) There is more acid rain in the northeast than in the midwestern regions of the U.S.

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes an anode?

Accepted Answer

A) the negatively charged electrode of a battery or electrochemical apparatus 
B) the place where oxidation is taking place in a battery or electrochemical apparatus 
C) the place from which electrons are flowing away from 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) the negatively charged electrode of a battery or electrochemical apparatus 
B) the place where oxidation is taking place in a battery or electrochemical apparatus 
C) the place from which electrons are flowing away from 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 4

Which of the following statements describes an acidic solution?

Accepted Answer

A) [H3O+] > [OH-] 
B) [H3O+] -] 
C) [H3O+] × [OH-] ≠ 1 × 10-14 
D) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1 × 10-14 
E) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1 
A) [H3O+] > [OH-] 
B) [H3O+] -] 
C) [H3O+] × [OH-] ≠ 1 × 10-14 
D) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1 × 10-14 
E) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1

Question 5

For each of the following unbalanced equations, which is depicted: oxidation or reduction? a)Cr → Cr3+ b) Sn → Sn(OH)42

Accepted Answer

A) a)oxidation; b)reduction 
B) a)reduction; b)oxidation 
C) a)reduction; b)reduction 
D) a)oxidation; b)oxidation 
A) a)oxidation; b)reduction 
B) a)reduction; b)oxidation 
C) a)reduction; b)reduction 
D) a)oxidation; b)oxidation

Question 6

What is the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution when the hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × 10-10 moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

A) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-10 moles per liter. 
B) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-4 moles per liter. 
C) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-2 moles per liter. 
D) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-6 moles per liter. 
A) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-10 moles per liter. 
B) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-4 moles per liter. 
C) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-2 moles per liter. 
D) The concentration of hydroxide ions is 1 × 10-6 moles per liter.

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes a basic solution?

Accepted Answer

A) [H3O+] > [OH-] 
B) [H3O+] -] 
C) [H3O+] × [OH-] ≠ 1 × 10-14 
D) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1 × 10-14 
E) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1 
A) [H3O+] > [OH-] 
B) [H3O+] -] 
C) [H3O+] × [OH-] ≠ 1 × 10-14 
D) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1 × 10-14 
E) [H3O+]/[OH-] = 1

Question 8

Sodium metal is

Accepted Answer

A) oxidized in the production of aluminum. 
B) reduced in the production of aluminum. 
C) both oxidized and reduced in the production of aluminum. 
D) neither oxidized nor reduced in the production of aluminum. 
A) oxidized in the production of aluminum. 
B) reduced in the production of aluminum. 
C) both oxidized and reduced in the production of aluminum. 
D) neither oxidized nor reduced in the production of aluminum.

Question 9

Glucose, C6H12O6, is a simple sugar that the body metabolizes into two molecules of pyruvic acid, C3H4O3. Is the glucose oxidized or reduced as it transforms into pyruvic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) The glucose is oxidized. 
B) The glucose is reduced. 
C) Parts of the glucose molecule are oxidized while others are reduced. 
D) Glucose is neither oxidized or reduced as it transforms into pyruvic acid. 
A) The glucose is oxidized. 
B) The glucose is reduced. 
C) Parts of the glucose molecule are oxidized while others are reduced. 
D) Glucose is neither oxidized or reduced as it transforms into pyruvic acid.

Question 10

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Accepted Answer

A) KCl 
B) H3OCl 
C) KOH2 
D) KOH2Cl 
E) none of the above 
A) KCl 
B) H3OCl 
C) KOH2 
D) KOH2Cl 
E) none of the above

Question 11

Why does a battery that has thick zinc walls last longer than one that has thin zinc walls?

Accepted Answer

A) Thick zinc walls prevent the battery from over heating. 
B) Thicker zinc walls prevent electrons from being lost into the surrounding environment. 
C) Thicker zinc walls last longer at holding in the battery acid. 
D) The zinc walls are transformed into zinc ions as the battery provides electricity. 
A) Thick zinc walls prevent the battery from over heating. 
B) Thicker zinc walls prevent electrons from being lost into the surrounding environment. 
C) Thicker zinc walls last longer at holding in the battery acid. 
D) The zinc walls are transformed into zinc ions as the battery provides electricity.

Question 12

The main component of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, which consists of sodium ions, Na⁺, and hypochlorite ions, -OCl What products are formed when this compound is reacted with the hydrochloric acid, HCl, of toilet bowl cleaner?

Accepted Answer

A) The products are NaCl, O2, and HClO2. 
B) The products are NaOH, H2O, and Cl2 
C) The products are NaCl and HOCl. 
D) The products are NaOH, O2, and Cl2 
A) The products are NaCl, O2, and HClO2. 
B) The products are NaOH, H2O, and Cl2 
C) The products are NaCl and HOCl. 
D) The products are NaOH, O2, and Cl2

Question 13

Which of the following species is the oxidizing agent? 2 CuBr → 2Cu + Br2

Accepted Answer

A) Cu 
B) CuBr 
C) Cu+ 
D) Br- 
E) Br2 
A) Cu 
B) CuBr 
C) Cu+ 
D) Br- 
E) Br2

Question 14

How do you make a proton out of a hydrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

A) remove an electron from a hydrogen atom 
B) remove a proton from a helium nucleus 
C) let the hydrogen atoms undergo fusion 
D) let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject an electron 
E) let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject a proton 
A) remove an electron from a hydrogen atom 
B) remove a proton from a helium nucleus 
C) let the hydrogen atoms undergo fusion 
D) let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject an electron 
E) let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject a proton

Question 15

What happens to the corrosive properties of an acid and a base after they neutralize each other? Why?

Accepted Answer

A) The corrosive properties are neutralized because the acid and base no longer exist. 
B) The corrosive properties are unaffected because salt is a corrosive agent. 
C) The corrosive properties are doubled because the acid and base are combined in the salt. 
D) The corrosive properties remain the same when the salt is mixed into water. 
A) The corrosive properties are neutralized because the acid and base no longer exist. 
B) The corrosive properties are unaffected because salt is a corrosive agent. 
C) The corrosive properties are doubled because the acid and base are combined in the salt. 
D) The corrosive properties remain the same when the salt is mixed into water.

Question 16

Which of the following materials is most likely to undergo reduction?

Accepted Answer

A) Na 
B) Na+ 
C) Cl2 
D) Cl- 
E) both A and B 
A) Na 
B) Na+ 
C) Cl2 
D) Cl- 
E) both A and B

Question 17

For the following electrolysis reaction: 2 AlOF3-2 + C → 2 Al + CO2 + F-
Where would the aluminum form?

Accepted Answer

A) cathode 
B) anode 
C) in solution 
D) Aluminum formation does not happen because electrons do not flow in above reaction. 
E) none of the above 
A) cathode 
B) anode 
C) in solution 
D) Aluminum formation does not happen because electrons do not flow in above reaction. 
E) none of the above

Question 18

Which of the above illustrations shows a neutral aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) All of the above are neutral solutions. 
E) none of the above 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) All of the above are neutral solutions. 
E) none of the above

Question 19

How is electrolysis different from what is going on chemically inside a battery?

Accepted Answer

A) They are the same process, just reversed. 
B) Electrolysis does not use electrons. 
C) Electrolysis only uses electrons from a cathode. 
D) You cannot make pure compounds with electrolysis. 
E) You do not produce a chemical change in electrolysis. 
A) They are the same process, just reversed. 
B) Electrolysis does not use electrons. 
C) Electrolysis only uses electrons from a cathode. 
D) You cannot make pure compounds with electrolysis. 
E) You do not produce a chemical change in electrolysis.

Question 20

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

Accepted Answer

A) Not all acid base reactions produce a salt, as in the case with the formation of water. 
B) The attraction between the two ions in water molecules are too strong. 
C) By definition, a salt must be able to dissolve in water, so water itself cannot be called a salt. 
D) A salt is an ionic compound, whereas water is a covalent compound. 
A) Not all acid base reactions produce a salt, as in the case with the formation of water. 
B) The attraction between the two ions in water molecules are too strong. 
C) By definition, a salt must be able to dissolve in water, so water itself cannot be called a salt. 
D) A salt is an ionic compound, whereas water is a covalent compound.

Exam 18: Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Which of the following reactions illustrates an amphoteric compound?

Lakes lying in granite basins, such as those in the northeastern U.S., tend to become acidified by acid rain more readily than lakes lying in limestone basins, such as those found in the midwestern U.S. Why is this so?

Which of the following statements best describes an anode?

Which of the following statements describes an acidic solution?

For each of the following unbalanced equations, which is depicted: oxidation or reduction? a)Cr → Cr3+ b) Sn → Sn(OH)42

What is the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution when the hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × 10-10 moles per liter?

Which of the following statements describes a basic solution?

Sodium metal is

Glucose, C6H12O6, is a simple sugar that the body metabolizes into two molecules of pyruvic acid, C3H4O3. Is the glucose oxidized or reduced as it transforms into pyruvic acid?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Why does a battery that has thick zinc walls last longer than one that has thin zinc walls?

The main component of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, which consists of sodium ions, Na⁺, and hypochlorite ions, -OCl What products are formed when this compound is reacted with the hydrochloric acid, HCl, of toilet bowl cleaner?

Which of the following species is the oxidizing agent? 2 CuBr → 2Cu + Br2

How do you make a proton out of a hydrogen atom?

What happens to the corrosive properties of an acid and a base after they neutralize each other? Why?

Which of the following materials is most likely to undergo reduction?

For the following electrolysis reaction: 2 AlOF3-2 + C → 2 Al + CO2 + F- Where would the aluminum form?

Which of the above illustrations shows a neutral aqueous solution?

How is electrolysis different from what is going on chemically inside a battery?

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

Filters

For each of the following unbalanced equations, which is depicted: oxidation or reduction? a)Cr → Cr³⁺ b)Sn → Sn(OH)₄²

What is the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution when the hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × 10^-10moles per liter?

Glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, is a simple sugar that the body metabolizes into two molecules of pyruvic acid, C₃H₄O₃. Is the glucose oxidized or reduced as it transforms into pyruvic acid?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ⇌ ???? + H₂O

The main component of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, which consists of sodium ions, Na⁺, and hypochlorite ions, ^-OCl What products are formed when this compound is reacted with the hydrochloric acid, HCl, of toilet bowl cleaner?

Which of the following species is the oxidizing agent? 2 CuBr → 2Cu + Br₂

For the following electrolysis reaction: 2 AlOF₃^-2 + C → 2 Al + CO₂ + F^- Where would the aluminum form?