Question 1

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide and water 
B)  carbonic acid 
C)  sodium bicarbonate 
D)  hydrated carbon 
A)  carbon dioxide and water 
B)  carbonic acid 
C)  sodium bicarbonate 
D)  hydrated carbon B

Question 2

Lakes lying in granite basins, such as those in the northeastern U.S., tend to become acidified by acid rain more readily than lakes lying in limestone basins, such as those found in the midwestern U.S. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A)  The granite contains acidic minerals that dissolve in the rain water and are added to the lakes. 
B)  Since the acidified water cannot percolate through the granite, the acid in the lakes becomes more concentrated. 
C)  The limestone, which is calcium carbonate, serves to neutralize the acid in the rain. 
D)  There is more acid rain in the northeast than in the midwestern regions of the U.S. 
A)  The granite contains acidic minerals that dissolve in the rain water and are added to the lakes. 
B)  Since the acidified water cannot percolate through the granite, the acid in the lakes becomes more concentrated. 
C)  The limestone, which is calcium carbonate, serves to neutralize the acid in the rain. 
D)  There is more acid rain in the northeast than in the midwestern regions of the U.S. C

Question 3

Identify the acid or base behavior of each substance in these reactions:     +   ⇌   O + HCl

Accepted Answer

A)      acts as an acid,    acts as a base,   O acts an acid, HCl acts as a base. 
B)       acts as an base,   acts as a acid,   O acts an acid, HCl acts as a base. 
C)       acts as an acid,   acts as a base,   O acts an base, HCl acts as a acid. 
D)       acts as an base,   acts as a acid,   O acts an base, HCl acts as an acid. 
A)      acts as an acid,    acts as a base,   O acts an acid, HCl acts as a base. 
B)       acts as an base,   acts as a acid,   O acts an acid, HCl acts as a base. 
C)       acts as an acid,   acts as a base,   O acts an base, HCl acts as a acid. 
D)       acts as an base,   acts as a acid,   O acts an base, HCl acts as an acid. C

Question 4

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + H3O+

Accepted Answer

A)  acid 
B)  base 
C)  neither 
D)  both 
E)  none of the above 
A)  acid 
B)  base 
C)  neither 
D)  both 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

Can an acid and a base react to form an acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  No. Acids always react with bases to form salts. 
B)  Yes and No. The reaction can only occur if the substances reacting are true acids and bases. 
C)  Yes and No. The reaction can only occur if the reactants are organic/carboxylic acids and organic bases. 
D)  Yes. An acid and a base can react to form an acid if the acid is a strong acid and the base is a weak base. 
A)  No. Acids always react with bases to form salts. 
B)  Yes and No. The reaction can only occur if the substances reacting are true acids and bases. 
C)  Yes and No. The reaction can only occur if the reactants are organic/carboxylic acids and organic bases. 
D)  Yes. An acid and a base can react to form an acid if the acid is a strong acid and the base is a weak base.

Question 6

The amphoteric reaction between two water molecules is endothermic, which means that this reaction requires the input of energy in order to proceed: Energy +   O +   O →     + O   The warmer the temperature of the water, the more thermal energy is available for this reaction, and the more hydronium and hydroxide ions are formed. Based on this information, should the value of   be expected to increase, decrease, or stay the same with increasing temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  The value of   will stay the same, since it is a constant. 
B)  The value of   will decrease, since there are more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions. 
C)  The value of   will increase since the rise in temperature allows for a higher concentration of both ions. 
D)  The value of   will decrease since there are more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions. 
A)  The value of   will stay the same, since it is a constant. 
B)  The value of   will decrease, since there are more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions. 
C)  The value of   will increase since the rise in temperature allows for a higher concentration of both ions. 
D)  The value of   will decrease since there are more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions.

Question 7

A buffer solution can neutralize ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong acids and bases 
B)  only weak acids and bases 
C)  salt solutions 
D)  with no change in pH 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  strong acids and bases 
B)  only weak acids and bases 
C)  salt solutions 
D)  with no change in pH 
E)  All of the above.

Question 8

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not all acid base reactions produce a salt, as in the case with the formation of water. 
B)  The attraction between the two ions in water molecules are too strong. 
C)  By definition, a salt must be able to dissolve in water, so water itself cannot be called a salt. 
D)  A salt is an ionic compound, whereas water is a covalent compound. 
A)  Not all acid base reactions produce a salt, as in the case with the formation of water. 
B)  The attraction between the two ions in water molecules are too strong. 
C)  By definition, a salt must be able to dissolve in water, so water itself cannot be called a salt. 
D)  A salt is an ionic compound, whereas water is a covalent compound.

Question 9

What does the value of   say about the extent to which water molecule react with themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the value of   is so small, the extent to which water ionizes is quite large. 
B)  Because the value of   is so small, the extent to which water ionizes is quite small. 
C)  Water molecules react with themselves at a constant rate, never increasing or decreasing. 
D)  When an acid is added to water, the value of   will decrease. 
A)  Because the value of   is so small, the extent to which water ionizes is quite large. 
B)  Because the value of   is so small, the extent to which water ionizes is quite small. 
C)  Water molecules react with themselves at a constant rate, never increasing or decreasing. 
D)  When an acid is added to water, the value of   will decrease.

Question 10

How does a base like NH3 raise the hydroxide ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The NH3 molecule removes a proton from a water molecule. 
B)  The NH3 molecule releases a proton that has to be neutralized by a water molecule. 
C)  The NH3 molecule is not a base and therefore does not change the hydroxide ion concentration. 
D)  The NH3 molecule releases reacts with a hydronium molecule, altering the number of hydroxide ions in the process. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  The NH3 molecule removes a proton from a water molecule. 
B)  The NH3 molecule releases a proton that has to be neutralized by a water molecule. 
C)  The NH3 molecule is not a base and therefore does not change the hydroxide ion concentration. 
D)  The NH3 molecule releases reacts with a hydronium molecule, altering the number of hydroxide ions in the process. 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

Along with the pH scale, there is the pOH scale, which indicates the level of "basicity" in a solution. Accordingly, pOH = -log[OH-]. What is the sum of the pH and the pOH of a solution always equal to?

Accepted Answer

A)  the negative of the product of the hydronium and hydroxide ions 
B)  the negative log of   , which is 14 
C)  The sum would equal 7, since that would be neutral for pH and pOH. 
D)  It is not constant because it depends on the acid/base solution in question. 
A)  the negative of the product of the hydronium and hydroxide ions 
B)  the negative log of   , which is 14 
C)  The sum would equal 7, since that would be neutral for pH and pOH. 
D)  It is not constant because it depends on the acid/base solution in question.

Question 12

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Accepted Answer

A)  KCl 
B)  H3OCl 
C)  KOH2 
D)  KOH2Cl 
E)  none of the above 
A)  KCl 
B)  H3OCl 
C)  KOH2 
D)  KOH2Cl 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

Arrange the following images of an aqueous base solution in order of increasing base strength:

Accepted Answer

A)  A, B, C 
B)  B, C, A 
C)  C, B, A 
D)  A, C, B 
E)  All are equally strong. 
A)  A, B, C 
B)  B, C, A 
C)  C, B, A 
D)  A, C, B 
E)  All are equally strong.

Question 14

A strong acid tends ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to be strongly polar 
B)  to form negatively charged ions when dissolved in water 
C)  to form positively charged ions when dissolved in water 
D)  all of the above 
A)  to be strongly polar 
B)  to form negatively charged ions when dissolved in water 
C)  to form positively charged ions when dissolved in water 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

Which of the above images would best describe a water solution of a weak acid (HA) the best?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  All of the above are weak acids. 
E)  None of the above are weak acids. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  All of the above are weak acids. 
E)  None of the above are weak acids.

Question 16

In the following buffer system, what happens to the concentration of the highlighted molecule if you add acid in the form of H3O+? HF + NaF + H2O ⇌ F- + H3O+ + Na+

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  stays about the same 
D)  Buffers do not change. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  stays about the same 
D)  Buffers do not change. 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

The hydronium ion, H3O+, is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unique form of water 
B)  very strong base 
C)  polyatomic ion 
D)  proton acceptor 
A)  unique form of water 
B)  very strong base 
C)  polyatomic ion 
D)  proton acceptor

Question 18

How do you make a proton out of a hydrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  remove an electron from a hydrogen atom 
B)  remove a proton from a helium nucleus 
C)  let the hydrogen atoms undergo fusion 
D)  let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject an electron 
E)  let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject a proton 
A)  remove an electron from a hydrogen atom 
B)  remove a proton from a helium nucleus 
C)  let the hydrogen atoms undergo fusion 
D)  let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject an electron 
E)  let the hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule and eject a proton

Question 19

If you had a 1 M solution of a weak base what would be its pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  13 
A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  13

Question 20

What happens to the corrosive properties of an acid and a base after they neutralize each other? Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The corrosive properties are neutralized because the acid and base no longer exist. 
B)  The corrosive properties are unaffected because salt is a corrosive agent. 
C)  The corrosive properties are doubled because the acid and base are combined in the salt. 
D)  The corrosive properties remain the same when the salt is mixed into water. 
A)  The corrosive properties are neutralized because the acid and base no longer exist. 
B)  The corrosive properties are unaffected because salt is a corrosive agent. 
C)  The corrosive properties are doubled because the acid and base are combined in the salt. 
D)  The corrosive properties remain the same when the salt is mixed into water.

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ________.

Lakes lying in granite basins, such as those in the northeastern U.S., tend to become acidified by acid rain more readily than lakes lying in limestone basins, such as those found in the midwestern U.S. Why is this so?

Identify the acid or base behavior of each substance in these reactions: + ⇌ O + HCl

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇌ H₂PO₄^- + H₃O⁺

Can an acid and a base react to form an acid?

A buffer solution can neutralize ________.

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

What does the value of say about the extent to which water molecule react with themselves?

How does a base like NH₃ raise the hydroxide ion concentration?

Along with the pH scale, there is the pOH scale, which indicates the level of "basicity" in a solution. Accordingly, pOH = -log[OH^-]. What is the sum of the pH and the pOH of a solution always equal to?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ⇌ ???? + H₂O

Arrange the following images of an aqueous base solution in order of increasing base strength:

A strong acid tends ________.

Which of the above images would best describe a water solution of a weak acid (HA) the best?

In the following buffer system, what happens to the concentration of the highlighted molecule if you add acid in the form of H₃O⁺? HF + NaF + H₂O ⇌ F^- + H₃O⁺_{+ Na}+

The hydronium ion, H₃O⁺, is a ________.

How do you make a proton out of a hydrogen atom?

If you had a 1 M solution of a weak base what would be its pH?

What happens to the corrosive properties of an acid and a base after they neutralize each other? Why?

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Exam 10: Acids and Bases in Our Environment

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ________.

Lakes lying in granite basins, such as those in the northeastern U.S., tend to become acidified by acid rain more readily than lakes lying in limestone basins, such as those found in the midwestern U.S. Why is this so?

Identify the acid or base behavior of each substance in these reactions: + ⇌ O + HCl

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + H3O+

Can an acid and a base react to form an acid?

A buffer solution can neutralize ________.

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

What does the value of say about the extent to which water molecule react with themselves?

How does a base like NH3 raise the hydroxide ion concentration?

Along with the pH scale, there is the pOH scale, which indicates the level of "basicity" in a solution. Accordingly, pOH = -log[OH-]. What is the sum of the pH and the pOH of a solution always equal to?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Arrange the following images of an aqueous base solution in order of increasing base strength:

A strong acid tends ________.

Which of the above images would best describe a water solution of a weak acid (HA) the best?

In the following buffer system, what happens to the concentration of the highlighted molecule if you add acid in the form of H3O+? HF + NaF + H2O ⇌ F- + H3O+ + Na+

The hydronium ion, H3O+, is a ________.

How do you make a proton out of a hydrogen atom?

If you had a 1 M solution of a weak base what would be its pH?

What happens to the corrosive properties of an acid and a base after they neutralize each other? Why?

About Science

Particles of Matter

Elements of Chemistry

Subatomic Particles

The Atomic Nucleus

How Atoms Bond

How Molecules Mix

How Water Behaves

How Chemicals React

Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World

Organic Compounds

Nutrients of Life

Medicinal Chemistry

Optimizing Food Production

Protection Water and Air Resources

Capturing Energy

Filters

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇌ H₂PO₄^- + H₃O⁺

How does a base like NH₃ raise the hydroxide ion concentration?

Along with the pH scale, there is the pOH scale, which indicates the level of "basicity" in a solution. Accordingly, pOH = -log[OH^-]. What is the sum of the pH and the pOH of a solution always equal to?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ⇌ ???? + H₂O

In the following buffer system, what happens to the concentration of the highlighted molecule if you add acid in the form of H₃O⁺? HF + NaF + H₂O ⇌ F^- + H₃O⁺_{+ Na}+

The hydronium ion, H₃O⁺, is a ________.