Question 1

The overall rate at which humans are producing carbon dioxide is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing 
B)  decreasing 
C)  some years increasing and other years decreasing 
D)  remaining about the same 
A)  increasing 
B)  decreasing 
C)  some years increasing and other years decreasing 
D)  remaining about the same

Question 2

If the pH of a solution was 7 and you were to increase the hydronium ion concentration 1000x, what would the pH be?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  4 M 
C)  1 × 10-4 M 
D)  7,000 M 
E)  10 
A)  4 
B)  4 M 
C)  1 × 10-4 M 
D)  7,000 M 
E)  10

Question 3

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO3 + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Accepted Answer

A)  KNO3 
B)  H3ONO3 
C)  KOH2 
D)  KOH2NO3 
E)  none of the above 
A)  KNO3 
B)  H3ONO3 
C)  KOH2 
D)  KOH2NO3 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

Which of the following statements about strong and weak acids is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A weak acid is not as corrosive as a strong acid. 
B)  A weak acid does dissociate in water. 
C)  A strong acid will react with a strong base. 
D)  A weak acid will react with a strong base. 
E)  All of the above are untrue. 
A)  A weak acid is not as corrosive as a strong acid. 
B)  A weak acid does dissociate in water. 
C)  A strong acid will react with a strong base. 
D)  A weak acid will react with a strong base. 
E)  All of the above are untrue.

Question 5

Does the hydride ion, H⁻, tend to behave as an acid or a base?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydride ion is unstable and re-reacts with water to form an acid in the form of the hydronium ion, H3O⁺. 
B)  Hydride ion has a pair of electrons and acts like a Lewis base since it has a strong tendency to lend or donate that electron pair. 
C)  Although the hydride ion has two electrons, they do not pair together. Thus, the hydride ion is incapable of acting as a Lewis base and therefore tends to behave as an acid. 
D)  Hydride ion's makeup consists of one proton and two electrons. As such, its tendency is to form neutral hydrogen gas,   , and therefore is neither acidic nor basic, but neutral. 
A)  Hydride ion is unstable and re-reacts with water to form an acid in the form of the hydronium ion, H3O⁺. 
B)  Hydride ion has a pair of electrons and acts like a Lewis base since it has a strong tendency to lend or donate that electron pair. 
C)  Although the hydride ion has two electrons, they do not pair together. Thus, the hydride ion is incapable of acting as a Lewis base and therefore tends to behave as an acid. 
D)  Hydride ion's makeup consists of one proton and two electrons. As such, its tendency is to form neutral hydrogen gas,   , and therefore is neither acidic nor basic, but neutral.

Question 6

If the pH of a solution is 10, what is the hydroxide ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 × 10-4 M 
B)  4 M 
C)  14 M 
D)  -14 M 
E)  - 1 × 1014 M 
A)  1 × 10-4 M 
B)  4 M 
C)  14 M 
D)  -14 M 
E)  - 1 × 1014 M

Question 7

Which of the following reactions illustrates an amphoteric compound?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 HF ⇌ H2F+ + F- 
B)  NaOH + HBr ⇌ NaBr + H2O 
C)  2 H2 + O2 ⇌ 2 H2O 
D)  All are amphoteric. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  2 HF ⇌ H2F+ + F- 
B)  NaOH + HBr ⇌ NaBr + H2O 
C)  2 H2 + O2 ⇌ 2 H2O 
D)  All are amphoteric. 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

An acid and a base react to form a salt, which consists of positive and negative ions. Which forms the positive ions: the acid or the base? Which forms the negative ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The acid forms the positive ion, the base forms the negative ion. 
B)  The acid forms the negative ion, the base forms the positive ion. 
C)  Because different substances can act as an acid or a base, it depends on the substance you begin with. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  The acid forms the positive ion, the base forms the negative ion. 
B)  The acid forms the negative ion, the base forms the positive ion. 
C)  Because different substances can act as an acid or a base, it depends on the substance you begin with. 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

If you had a 1 M solution of a weak acid what would be its pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  13 
A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  13

Question 10

The main component of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, which consists of sodium ions, Na⁺, and hypochlorite ions,   What products are formed when this compound is reacted with the hydrochloric acid, HCl, of toilet bowl cleaner?

Accepted Answer

A)  The products are NaCl,   , and   . 
B)  The products are NaOH,   O, and   
C)  The products are NaCl and HOCl. 
D)  The products are NaOH,   , and   
A)  The products are NaCl,   , and   . 
B)  The products are NaOH,   O, and   
C)  The products are NaCl and HOCl. 
D)  The products are NaOH,   , and

Question 11

Which should be a stronger base: ammonia,   , or trifluoronitrogen,   ? Why?

Accepted Answer

A)    ; The fluorine atoms, being already highly electronegative, repel and tend to release the lone electron pair more easily, making it the stronger base. 
B)    ; The fluorines have greater electronegativities and pull the lone pair electrons closer to nitrogen, thus making   less willing to release the electron pair and thus be a weaker base. 
C)    ; Ammonia tends to form a very pungent but weak base.    will definitely form a stronger base since the highly polar fluorines have replaced the weak hydrogens. 
D)  Neither; The nitrogens are large enough to shield the effect of either the hydrogens or fluorines from exerting any appreciable influence over the electron pair. Both molecules will have nearly identical base strength. 
A)    ; The fluorine atoms, being already highly electronegative, repel and tend to release the lone electron pair more easily, making it the stronger base. 
B)    ; The fluorines have greater electronegativities and pull the lone pair electrons closer to nitrogen, thus making   less willing to release the electron pair and thus be a weaker base. 
C)    ; Ammonia tends to form a very pungent but weak base.    will definitely form a stronger base since the highly polar fluorines have replaced the weak hydrogens. 
D)  Neither; The nitrogens are large enough to shield the effect of either the hydrogens or fluorines from exerting any appreciable influence over the electron pair. Both molecules will have nearly identical base strength.

Question 12

What happens to the pH of a 1M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl, as carbon dioxide gas is bubbled into it?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH decreases as the solution becomes more acidic since carbon dioxide reacts to form carbonic acid thus increasing the overall acid concentration. 
B)  The pH increases as the solution becomes more basic since the carbon dioxide continues to tie up more and more of the hydrogen ions as associated carbonic acid molecules. 
C)  The pH remains unchanged. Carbon dioxide is unable to affect the pH in the presence of such a concentrated solution of such a strong acid. 
D)  At first the pH will increase as carbon dioxide ties up the hydrogen ions from the solution. Once the concentration of the resulting carbonic acid becomes greater than 1M, the pH will begin to decrease indicating the presence of more acid. 
A)  The pH decreases as the solution becomes more acidic since carbon dioxide reacts to form carbonic acid thus increasing the overall acid concentration. 
B)  The pH increases as the solution becomes more basic since the carbon dioxide continues to tie up more and more of the hydrogen ions as associated carbonic acid molecules. 
C)  The pH remains unchanged. Carbon dioxide is unable to affect the pH in the presence of such a concentrated solution of such a strong acid. 
D)  At first the pH will increase as carbon dioxide ties up the hydrogen ions from the solution. Once the concentration of the resulting carbonic acid becomes greater than 1M, the pH will begin to decrease indicating the presence of more acid.

Question 13

What is the source of acid rain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acid rain is from dissolved carbon dioxide. 
B)  All rain is acid rain because rain has a pH is less than 7. 
C)  Rain is normally basic, but depending on the weather it can get slightly acidic. 
D)  All rain is acid rain because rain has a hydronium ion concentration greater than 10-7 M. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Acid rain is from dissolved carbon dioxide. 
B)  All rain is acid rain because rain has a pH is less than 7. 
C)  Rain is normally basic, but depending on the weather it can get slightly acidic. 
D)  All rain is acid rain because rain has a hydronium ion concentration greater than 10-7 M. 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

As the pH increases, the hydroxide ion concentration ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  goes down 
B)  gets larger 
C)  starts to affect the H+ concentration 
D)  starts to decrease because it is reacting with the excess hydronium ions 
E)  stays constant 
A)  goes down 
B)  gets larger 
C)  starts to affect the H+ concentration 
D)  starts to decrease because it is reacting with the excess hydronium ions 
E)  stays constant

Question 15

How readily an acid donates a hydrogen ion is a function of how well the acid is able to accommodate the resulting negative charge it gains after donating. Which should be the stronger acid: water or hypochlorous acid? Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water, because O-H would accommodate the resulting negative charge better than O-Cl. 
B)  Hypochlorous acid, because the resulting negative charge is spread over a greater number of atoms. 
C)  Neither, since both molecules are "monoprotic" and donate the same H+ ion, making their the same. 
D)  Water, because the hydrogen bonding in water gives it the edge in the ability to accommodate the resulting negative charge. 
A)  Water, because O-H would accommodate the resulting negative charge better than O-Cl. 
B)  Hypochlorous acid, because the resulting negative charge is spread over a greater number of atoms. 
C)  Neither, since both molecules are "monoprotic" and donate the same H+ ion, making their the same. 
D)  Water, because the hydrogen bonding in water gives it the edge in the ability to accommodate the resulting negative charge.

Question 16

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + H3O+

Accepted Answer

A)  acid 
B)  base 
C)  neither 
D)  both 
E)  none of the above 
A)  acid 
B)  base 
C)  neither 
D)  both 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following items would you use to make an acidic buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetic acid (a weak acid) and hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) 
B)  hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) and sodium chloride 
C)  acetic acid (a weak acid) and sodium acetate 
D)  hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) and sodium hydroxide (a strong base) 
E)  ammonium hydroxide (a weak base) and ammonium chloride 
A)  acetic acid (a weak acid) and hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) 
B)  hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) and sodium chloride 
C)  acetic acid (a weak acid) and sodium acetate 
D)  hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) and sodium hydroxide (a strong base) 
E)  ammonium hydroxide (a weak base) and ammonium chloride

Question 18

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO3) be less susceptible to acid rain?

Accepted Answer

A)  The acid in the rain is neutralized by the natural base in the limestone. 
B)  The rain travels quickly through the porous limestone and therefore the rate of reaction is slower. 
C)  Limestone is degraded by acid rain and therefore acid rain has the same damaging effects. 
D)  Only acid rain made from sulfur compounds reacts with the limestone. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  The acid in the rain is neutralized by the natural base in the limestone. 
B)  The rain travels quickly through the porous limestone and therefore the rate of reaction is slower. 
C)  Limestone is degraded by acid rain and therefore acid rain has the same damaging effects. 
D)  Only acid rain made from sulfur compounds reacts with the limestone. 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

When a hydronium ion concentration equals 1 ×   moles per liter, what is the pH of the solution? Is the solution acidic or basic?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH of this solution is 4, which is acidic. 
B)  The pH of this solution is 8, which is basic. 
C)  The pH of this solution is 6, which is acidic. 
D)  The pH of this solution is 10, which is basic. 
A)  The pH of this solution is 4, which is acidic. 
B)  The pH of this solution is 8, which is basic. 
C)  The pH of this solution is 6, which is acidic. 
D)  The pH of this solution is 10, which is basic.

Question 20

Qualitatively, what happens to the hydroxide ion concentration if you decrease the hydronium ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of hydroxide decreases to neutralize the excess hydronium. 
B)  The concentration of OH- stays the same but the ratio OH-/H3O+ changes. 
C)  The concentration of OH- increases but the ratio stays the same. 
D)  The concentration of OH- increases. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  The concentration of hydroxide decreases to neutralize the excess hydronium. 
B)  The concentration of OH- stays the same but the ratio OH-/H3O+ changes. 
C)  The concentration of OH- increases but the ratio stays the same. 
D)  The concentration of OH- increases. 
E)  none of the above

The overall rate at which humans are producing carbon dioxide is ________.

If the pH of a solution was 7 and you were to increase the hydronium ion concentration 1000x, what would the pH be?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO₃ + KOH ⇌ ???? + H₂O

Which of the following statements about strong and weak acids is not true?

Does the hydride ion, H⁻, tend to behave as an acid or a base?

If the pH of a solution is 10, what is the hydroxide ion concentration?

Which of the following reactions illustrates an amphoteric compound?

An acid and a base react to form a salt, which consists of positive and negative ions. Which forms the positive ions: the acid or the base? Which forms the negative ions?

If you had a 1 M solution of a weak acid what would be its pH?

The main component of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, which consists of sodium ions, Na⁺, and hypochlorite ions, What products are formed when this compound is reacted with the hydrochloric acid, HCl, of toilet bowl cleaner?

Which should be a stronger base: ammonia, , or trifluoronitrogen, ? Why?

What happens to the pH of a 1M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl, as carbon dioxide gas is bubbled into it?

What is the source of acid rain?

As the pH increases, the hydroxide ion concentration ________.

How readily an acid donates a hydrogen ion is a function of how well the acid is able to accommodate the resulting negative charge it gains after donating. Which should be the stronger acid: water or hypochlorous acid? Why?

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇌ H₂PO₄^- + H₃O⁺

Which of the following items would you use to make an acidic buffer solution?

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO₃) be less susceptible to acid rain?

When a hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × moles per liter, what is the pH of the solution? Is the solution acidic or basic?

Qualitatively, what happens to the hydroxide ion concentration if you decrease the hydronium ion concentration?

About Science

Particles of Matter

Elements of Chemistry

Subatomic Particles

The Atomic Nucleus

How Atoms Bond

How Molecules Mix

How Water Behaves

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Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World

Organic Compounds

Nutrients of Life

Medicinal Chemistry

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Exam 10: Acids and Bases in Our Environment

The overall rate at which humans are producing carbon dioxide is ________.

If the pH of a solution was 7 and you were to increase the hydronium ion concentration 1000x, what would the pH be?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO3 + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Which of the following statements about strong and weak acids is not true?

Does the hydride ion, H⁻, tend to behave as an acid or a base?

If the pH of a solution is 10, what is the hydroxide ion concentration?

Which of the following reactions illustrates an amphoteric compound?

An acid and a base react to form a salt, which consists of positive and negative ions. Which forms the positive ions: the acid or the base? Which forms the negative ions?

If you had a 1 M solution of a weak acid what would be its pH?

The main component of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, which consists of sodium ions, Na⁺, and hypochlorite ions, What products are formed when this compound is reacted with the hydrochloric acid, HCl, of toilet bowl cleaner?

Which should be a stronger base: ammonia, , or trifluoronitrogen, ? Why?

What happens to the pH of a 1M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl, as carbon dioxide gas is bubbled into it?

What is the source of acid rain?

As the pH increases, the hydroxide ion concentration ________.

How readily an acid donates a hydrogen ion is a function of how well the acid is able to accommodate the resulting negative charge it gains after donating. Which should be the stronger acid: water or hypochlorous acid? Why?

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + H3O+

Which of the following items would you use to make an acidic buffer solution?

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO3) be less susceptible to acid rain?

When a hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × moles per liter, what is the pH of the solution? Is the solution acidic or basic?

Qualitatively, what happens to the hydroxide ion concentration if you decrease the hydronium ion concentration?

About Science

Particles of Matter

Elements of Chemistry

Subatomic Particles

The Atomic Nucleus

How Atoms Bond

How Molecules Mix

How Water Behaves

How Chemicals React

Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World

Organic Compounds

Nutrients of Life

Medicinal Chemistry

Optimizing Food Production

Protection Water and Air Resources

Capturing Energy

Filters

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO₃ + KOH ⇌ ???? + H₂O

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇌ H₂PO₄^- + H₃O⁺

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO₃) be less susceptible to acid rain?