Exam 6: Learning

_____ is the replication of a motor behavior or expression,often to accomplish a specific goal.

Thorndike conducted research on:

Billy throws rocks.Each time he throws a rock,he is immediately spanked.Spanking is a ________.

Which of the following will decrease the likelihood of behavior reoccurring?

Most mornings,Becky listens to her favorite song as she gets ready for work,including putting in her contacts.One afternoon,Becky hears her favorite song playing,and her eyes start watering-something that usually happens only when she put her contacts in.If this is an example of classical conditioning,what is the unconditioned stimulus?

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will increase is called a(n)_______.

__________ is an example of a primary reinforcer,whereas __________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6 year old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the:

A young girl is just learning to dress herself.At first,the parents call her a "big girl" just for putting on her clothes "frontwards," even if they are not buttoned.Then,they call her a "big girl" if she tries to button them--even if the buttons are not in the right holes.Then,they call her a "big girl" only if she buttons them correctly.They have been using:

Principles of operant conditioning have been used to help explain why people get attached to "lucky" hats,charms,and rituals.Using these principles,explain how an athlete might show this type of behavior.How did Skinner demonstrate the phenomenon of superstitious behavior with pigeons in his laboratory?

Which of the following is a conditioned positive reinforcer?

Researchers have shown that people who have minimal brain function can still be classically conditioned.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Pairing the US and CS is essential for _______ to occur.

Larry has been using heroin for several years.Normally he injects the drug in his basement,but one night on a vacation he injects the drug in his hotel room.Despite the fact that he uses the same heroin and dose that he normally does,Larry overdoses and dies.What phenomenon is likely responsible?

Nagging someone to do something until they do it is an example of __________.

Kathy takes her 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday.Each week,the same sequence of events unfolds: Her son screams,demanding that Kathy buys him treats.Although she refuses to give in to his demands,he continues to scream.Finally,Kathy yells at the top of her lungs,"QUIET!" He stops screaming instantly.What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior,the behavior is likely to ______.

People appear to have a biological predisposition to associate nausea with what type of stimuli?

Which of the following is NOT one of the processes Albert Bandura identified as supporting observational learning?