Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following is the best example of observational learning?

The presentation of an aversive stimulus following a particular operant response is called:

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,salivation to the meat was the _______.

If a dog salivates when it sees a green light or a yellow light,it is exhibiting ________.

A reinforcer is a consequence that ______________ the likelihood of a behavior,and a punisher is a consequence that ____________ the likelihood of a behavior.

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice after shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the _______________.

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.

Shaleigh developed a conditioned taste aversion to spearmint gum by chewing it when she had the stomach flu.Later she realized that the experience also gave her a taste aversion to peppermint gum.This is an example of discrimination.

New learning that works in the opposite direction from the original learning results in ________.

In classical conditioning,the unconditioned stimulus is:

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

_____ create situations that make acquiring new knowledge more challenging and with benefits that are less obvious in the short term.

A rat is conditioned to press a lever for food.One day a food pellet jams in the automatic feeder and the rat no longer receives food after pressing the lever.After a few minutes,the rat eventually stops pressing the lever.This is an example of:

Extinction in operant conditioning involves _________________.

John's heart has been conditioned to beat rapidly whenever he smells Windsong perfume on a woman.However,John's heart also races when he smells Chanel 5 and other perfumes.This illustrates:

Thorndike's research famously led him to conclude that responses followed by satisfaction will occur again,and those that are not followed by satisfaction become less likely.This principle is known as ______________.

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Sylvia used to play with balloons.When she tried to blow up a balloon last week,it popped in her face and gave her quite a scare.Now,blowing up a balloon is so scary that Sylvia will not try it.In this example,the pop is a(n)_____ and the balloon is a(n)_____.

Which of the following statements about punishment is NOT true?