Exam 6: Learning

Kwan checks her email for new messages several times during the day.She realizes that because emails are sent on a ________________ schedule,checking her email more frequently will not increase the number of new emails she receives in a day.Furthermore,she knows that she cannot predict when people will email her,but if an email has been sent to her,she will receive it the next time she checks.

The process by which experience results in a relatively permanent change in what one is capable of doing is called:

An automatic,innate,and involuntary response to an environmental event is an ________.

When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement,that schedule is called a _____________ schedule.

What is the typical dependent variable used in studies of the operant conditioning of lever pressing in rats?

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the __________.

When researchers want to use operant conditioning to train animals to perform complicated behaviors,they must use a step-by-step procedure called __________________.

Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with __________.

In order for latent learning to occur,there must be reinforcement.

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning,the one the organism learns to respond to is the:

The proverb "He who hath been bitten by a snake fears a rope" illustrates ______________.

Which of the following is true concerning partial schedules of reinforcement?

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6 year old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jodie now cries when she sees any dog,big or small,brown or black,etc.This illustrates which of the following?

Aunt Bea gave Opie fried chicken livers every time he made his bed.Opie began making his bed more often than he used to.In this example,chicken livers are a _______ reinforcer.

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Frederick trained his parrot to open the door to his cage by pecking at a lever three times.Frederick used a _____ schedule of reinforcement to encourage the desired behavior.

Which of the following statements pertaining to the conditioned response is accurate?

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called ________________.

Julie is expected to cut the lawn weekly.Her parents only give her money once in a while after she cuts the lawn.Julie is being reinforced using a _____________ schedule of reinforcement.