Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

Researchers use the term desirable difficulty to refer to:

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment),what was the CS?

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study.The term Bobo refers to

In classical conditioning,a(n)_____ becomes a(n)_____,which elicits a response.

_____ removes the effects of an aversive stimulus,whereas _____ removes the possibility of an aversive stimulus from occurring in the first place.

Little Albert (Watson,1920)learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Learning that occurs,but is not expressed until later,is called:

Which of the following terms refers to the fact that animals and human beings may be evolutionarily predisposed to learn to fear certain stimuli that threaten their survival?

__________ was one of the first people to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs.

The process of observational learning would explain how 3-year-old Ryan knows how to lather up his own face after watching his dad shave earlier that day.

Which of the following statements is true?

A child who calls all four-legged animals "dogs" is exhibiting ______.

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?

An unconditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

The 5-year-old of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums.Whenever the child goes off the deep end,one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him.Nevertheless,his tantrums do not diminish; they even seem to increase.We may assume that his parents' fussing over him serves as a _______.

A slot machine is a classic example of a(n)________________ schedule of reinforcement because players never know how many times they will have to pull the arm before they win again.