Question 1

The spliceosome includes both protein and a functional type of RNA known as:

Accepted Answer

A) transfer RNA (tRN
A) . 
B) small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). 
C) micro RNAs (miRNAs). 
D) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). 
E) ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). 
A) transfer RNA (tRN
A) . 
B) small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). 
C) micro RNAs (miRNAs). 
D) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). 
E) ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs).

Question 2

Which of the following is/are TRUE for RNA compared to DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA has ribose sugar in its nucleotides,rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA. 
B) RNA is usually single stranded and can make more complex three-dimensional molecular shapes than double-stranded DNA. 
C) RNA contain the bases A,G,C,and U,whereas DNA contain the bases A,G,C,and T. 
D) RNA can catalyse biological reactions,but DNA cannot. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) RNA has ribose sugar in its nucleotides,rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA. 
B) RNA is usually single stranded and can make more complex three-dimensional molecular shapes than double-stranded DNA. 
C) RNA contain the bases A,G,C,and U,whereas DNA contain the bases A,G,C,and T. 
D) RNA can catalyse biological reactions,but DNA cannot. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 3

Why does E.coli have several different sigma factors?

Accepted Answer

A) They allow different RNA polymerases to bind to the promoters. 
B) They allow the different subunits of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme to bind to each other. 
C) There is no good reason.They all perform the same function. 
D) One is needed to transcribe mRNA.A second is needed to transcribe tRNA.And a third is needed to transcribe rRNA. 
E) They allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to a different subset of promoters. 
A) They allow different RNA polymerases to bind to the promoters. 
B) They allow the different subunits of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme to bind to each other. 
C) There is no good reason.They all perform the same function. 
D) One is needed to transcribe mRNA.A second is needed to transcribe tRNA.And a third is needed to transcribe rRNA. 
E) They allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to a different subset of promoters.

Question 4

The following sequence was identified at the 3′ end of a transcribed RNA in prokaryotes.
a)What is the name of the structure shown below?
b)What is its function in transcription?
c)What is the probable base composition of the region marked by the A arrow?
d)What is the probable base composition of the region marked by the B arrow?
e)In the original gene encoding this RNA sequence,the B region was mutated to GGCCGGTGC.How might this mutation of B affect transcription of this gene?

Accepted Answer

a)hairpin loop
b)terminates transcriptio

Question 5

You generated a eukaryotic cell line that expresses an RNA polymerase II subunit that is missing the repeated sequences (seven amino acids per repeat)near the
C-terminus.These repeated sequences are known to be important in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.Define how expression of this RNA polymerase might affect the cell line.Define how these repeated sequences are regulated within a normal RNA polymerase II enzyme.

Accepted Answer

The C-terminal domain region contains re

Question 6

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase III is known to primarily transcribe:

Accepted Answer

A) messenger RNAs. 
B) protein-encoding genes. 
C) most ribosomal RNAs. 
D) transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. 
E) genes responsible for DNA replication. 
A) messenger RNAs. 
B) protein-encoding genes. 
C) most ribosomal RNAs. 
D) transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. 
E) genes responsible for DNA replication.

Question 7

A segment of DNA from Drosophila melanogaster has the sequence:
5′ TCA AGC TTA AGA AGG CAT TTT 3′
a)Assuming that this is the template strand,what is the sequence of the encoded mRNA (make sure to denote 5′ and 3′ ends of the transcript)?
b)If this sequence is the coding strand,what is the sequence of the encoded mRNA?

Accepted Answer

a)3′ AGU UCG AAU UCU

Question 8

The following table contains a list of statements that apply to replication,transcription,both,or neither.In each empty box,put a check mark if that statement applies to replication or transcription.
 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } 
\hline & \text { Replication } & \text { Transcription } \
\hline \text { The new strand is made 5' to 3'. } & & \
\hline \text { The new strand is made 3' to 5'. } & & \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The new strand is identical to the termplate strand, with } \
\text { the exception of U's replacing T's. }
\end{array} & & \
\hline \text { The new strand is complennentary to the ternplate strand } & & \
\hline \text { The termplate strarnd is RNA } & & \
\hline \text { The product is DNA } & & \
\hline \text { The product is RNA } & & \
\hline \text { An RNA priner is required to iritiate synthesis. } & & \
\hline \text { Synthesis of the new strand is initiated at a pronoter. } & & \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The process is done only during the S-phase of the cell } \
\text { cycle. }
\end{array} & & \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { The process is done only during the Gl -phase of the cell } \
\text { cycle. }
\end{array} & & \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following table contains a list of...

Question 9

The sigma factor protein's role in transcription in E.coli includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) forms part of the core enzyme required for transcription initiation 
B) helps the holoenzyme to bind to the promoter 
C) contributes to the proof reading activity of RNA polymerase 
D) plays a role in transcription termination 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) forms part of the core enzyme required for transcription initiation 
B) helps the holoenzyme to bind to the promoter 
C) contributes to the proof reading activity of RNA polymerase 
D) plays a role in transcription termination 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 10

Shown below is the structure of a Drosophila gene,divided into 10 segments,designated A-J.The gene contains three exons,two introns,a promoter,and a site in I for poly(A)addition.   
a)What segment or segments of the gene will be represented in the initial RNA transcript? List the appropriate letter or letters.

b)What segment or segments of the gene will be found in the completely processed transcript?

c)What segment or segments of the gene in the processed transcript will have additional nucleotides added to them?

d)What segment or segments of the gene contain the CCAAT box and TATA box elements?

e)What segment or segments of the gene will possess the translation initiation codon?

f)In a large sample of null alleles,would mutant sites be expected in segments C and D,at the boundary of G-H,or both? If mutant sites exist,would the transcript be detected? Would a polypeptide chain be observed?

Accepted Answer

a)D,E,F,G,H,I
b)D,F,H,I,
c)D,I, (C - 5′

Question 11

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) endoplasmic reticulum 
C) nucleus 
D) mitochondria 
E) Golgi apparatus 
A) cytoplasm 
B) endoplasmic reticulum 
C) nucleus 
D) mitochondria 
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 12

What is the function of the TATA binding protein?

Accepted Answer

A) aids in the removal of introns from eukaryotic pre-mRNA 
B) allows prokaryotic RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter of genes 
C) allows eukaryotic RNA polymerase II to bind to the promoter of genes 
D) helps termination factors bind and terminate transcription. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) aids in the removal of introns from eukaryotic pre-mRNA 
B) allows prokaryotic RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter of genes 
C) allows eukaryotic RNA polymerase II to bind to the promoter of genes 
D) helps termination factors bind and terminate transcription. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 13

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase I is known to primarily transcribe:

Accepted Answer

A) messenger RNAs. 
B) protein-encoding genes. 
C) most ribosomal RNAs. 
D) transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. 
E) genes responsible for DNA replication. 
A) messenger RNAs. 
B) protein-encoding genes. 
C) most ribosomal RNAs. 
D) transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. 
E) genes responsible for DNA replication.

Question 14

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) endoplasmic reticulum 
C) nucleus 
D) mitochondria 
E) Golgi apparatus 
A) cytoplasm 
B) endoplasmic reticulum 
C) nucleus 
D) mitochondria 
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Pulse-chase experiments were vital for showing that RNA acts as an information-transfer intermediary between DNA and protein.Describe the basic steps of a pulse-chase experiment,and explain in your own words how the results suggested that RNA is the intermediate.

Accepted Answer

Cells are pulsed with radioactive uracil

Question 16

A major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus,whereas prokaryotes do not.Discuss the impact of having a nucleus on the creation of mature mRNA.

Accepted Answer

Because prokaryotes do not have a nucleu

Question 17

Which of the following statement/s about RNA pol II is/are FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA pol II transcribes protein-encoding genes. 
B) General transcription factors (GTFs)help RNA pol II to position at the promoter start to initiate transcription. 
C) RNA pol II adds new nucleotides to the 3′ end of the transcript. 
D) The CTD domain of RNA pol II coordinates cotranscriptional modifications. 
E) RNA pol II reads the template DNA strand in a 5′-to-3′ direction during transcription. 
A) RNA pol II transcribes protein-encoding genes. 
B) General transcription factors (GTFs)help RNA pol II to position at the promoter start to initiate transcription. 
C) RNA pol II adds new nucleotides to the 3′ end of the transcript. 
D) The CTD domain of RNA pol II coordinates cotranscriptional modifications. 
E) RNA pol II reads the template DNA strand in a 5′-to-3′ direction during transcription.

Question 18

siRNAs are distinct from microRNAs (miRNAs)in that siRNAs:

Accepted Answer

A) silence their own expression. 
B) are smaller than microRNAs. 
C) are derived from rRNA sequences. 
D) silence gene expression. 
E) are made of double-stranded DNA. 
A) silence their own expression. 
B) are smaller than microRNAs. 
C) are derived from rRNA sequences. 
D) silence gene expression. 
E) are made of double-stranded DNA.

Question 19

Consider the following piece of messenger RNA:
5'-AUGGAGUCGUUAAUUAAACCGGUGCGGAUCGUAUUUAGUCCCCAC-3'
a)Draw both strands of the segment of DNA that this mRNA was transcribed from.
b)State which of the DNA strands the RNA synthesizing enzyme used as template for the transcription process.
c)Using the codon chart,give the amino acid sequence of the protein that would be produced by translation of the mRNA,assuming the ribosome moved along the mRNA from left to right.

Accepted Answer

a)@#LAT-DLM&
@#LAT-DLM& 
b)the top stran

Question 20

The following table contains a list of statements that may apply to mRNA,tRNA,snRNA,or rRNA.For each class of RNA molecule,put a check mark if the statement applies to that type of RNA.
 $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline& \text { MRNA } & \text { tRNA } & \text { snRNA } & \text { rRNA } \
\hline \text { Contains a 5'UTR } & & & & \
\hline \text { Translated into protein } & & & & \
\hline \text { Contains an anticodon } & & & & \
\text { Classified as functional RNA } & & & & \
\hline \text { Transcribed in the } 5^{\prime}-3^{\prime} \text { direction } & & & & \
\hline \text { Major component of ribosomes } & & & &\
\hline \text { Component of spliceosomes } & & & & \
\hline \text { Transcribed by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes } & & & & \
\hline \text { Have a functional role in translation } & & & &\
\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

\[\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c |

The spliceosome includes both protein and a functional type of RNA known as:

Which of the following is/are TRUE for RNA compared to DNA?

Why does E.coli have several different sigma factors?

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase III is known to primarily transcribe:

The sigma factor protein's role in transcription in E.coli includes which of the following?

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

What is the function of the TATA binding protein?

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase I is known to primarily transcribe:

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

Pulse-chase experiments were vital for showing that RNA acts as an information-transfer intermediary between DNA and protein.Describe the basic steps of a pulse-chase experiment,and explain in your own words how the results suggested that RNA is the intermediate.

A major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus,whereas prokaryotes do not.Discuss the impact of having a nucleus on the creation of mature mRNA.

Which of the following statement/s about RNA pol II is/are FALSE?

siRNAs are distinct from microRNAs (miRNAs)in that siRNAs:

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Dna: Structure and Replication

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

Genomes and Genomics

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Evolution of Genes and Traits

Filters

Exam 8: Rna: Transcription and Processing

The spliceosome includes both protein and a functional type of RNA known as:

Which of the following is/are TRUE for RNA compared to DNA?

Why does E.coli have several different sigma factors?

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase III is known to primarily transcribe:

The sigma factor protein's role in transcription in E.coli includes which of the following?

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

What is the function of the TATA binding protein?

In eukaryotic species,three separate RNA polymerases transcribe different categories of genes.RNA polymerase I is known to primarily transcribe:

In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?

Pulse-chase experiments were vital for showing that RNA acts as an information-transfer intermediary between DNA and protein.Describe the basic steps of a pulse-chase experiment,and explain in your own words how the results suggested that RNA is the intermediate.

A major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus,whereas prokaryotes do not.Discuss the impact of having a nucleus on the creation of mature mRNA.

Which of the following statement/s about RNA pol II is/are FALSE?

siRNAs are distinct from microRNAs (miRNAs)in that siRNAs:

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Dna: Structure and Replication

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

Genomes and Genomics

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Evolution of Genes and Traits

Filters