Exam 16: Principles of Reactivity: Chemical Equilibria

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The following reaction occurred when a 1.0-liter reaction vessel was initially charged with 2.0 moles of N2(g)and 4.0 moles of H2(g): The following reaction occurred when a 1.0-liter reaction vessel was initially charged with 2.0 moles of N<sub>2</sub>(g)and 4.0 moles of H<sub>2</sub>(g):   Once equilibrium was established,the concentration of NH<sub>3</sub>(g)was determined to be 0.59 M at 700.°C.The value for K<sub>c</sub> at 700.°C for the formation of ammonia is: Once equilibrium was established,the concentration of NH3(g)was determined to be 0.59 M at 700.°C.The value for Kc at 700.°C for the formation of ammonia is:

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At a high temperature,equal concentrations of 0.160 mol/L of H2(g)and I2(g)are initially present in a flask.The H2 and I2 react according to the balanced equation below. At a high temperature,equal concentrations of 0.160 mol/L of H<sub>2</sub>(g)and I<sub>2</sub>(g)are initially present in a flask.The H<sub>2</sub> and I<sub>2</sub> react according to the balanced equation below.   When equilibrium is reached,the concentration of H<sub>2</sub>(g)has decreased to 0.036 mol/L.What is the equilibrium constant,K<sub>c</sub>,for the reaction? When equilibrium is reached,the concentration of H2(g)has decreased to 0.036 mol/L.What is the equilibrium constant,Kc,for the reaction?

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A 2.5 L flask is filled with 0.25 mol SO3,0.20 mol SO2,and 0.40 mol O2,and allowed to reach equilibrium.Assume the temperature of the mixture is chosen so that Kc = 0.12.Predict the effect on the concentration of SO3 as equilibrium is achieved by using Q,the reaction quotient. 2 SO3(g) A 2.5 L flask is filled with 0.25 mol SO<sub>3</sub>,0.20 mol SO<sub>2</sub>,and 0.40 mol O<sub>2</sub>,and allowed to reach equilibrium.Assume the temperature of the mixture is chosen so that K<sub>c</sub> = 0.12.Predict the effect on the concentration of SO<sub>3</sub> as equilibrium is achieved by using Q,the reaction quotient. 2 SO<sub>3</sub>(g)   2 SO<sub>2</sub>(g)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g) 2 SO2(g)+ O2(g)

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In which of the following reactions does a decrease in the volume of the reaction vessel at constant temperature favor formation of the products?

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Consider the following equilibrium: PCl5(g)  Consider the following equilibrium: PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)   PCl<sub>3</sub>(g)+ Cl<sub>2</sub>(g);  ~~~~~~~~   \Delta H = 92 kJ The concentration of PCl<sub>3</sub> at equilibrium may be increased by PCl3(g)+ Cl2(g);         ~~~~~~~~ Δ\Delta H = 92 kJ The concentration of PCl3 at equilibrium may be increased by

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For which of the following equilibria does Kc = Kp?

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When 0.20 mole HF is dissolved in water to a volume of 1.00 L,5.8% of the HF dissociates to form F-(aq).What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction? When 0.20 mole HF is dissolved in water to a volume of 1.00 L,5.8% of the HF dissociates to form F<sup>-</sup>(aq).What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction?

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When 1.0 mole of acetic acid is diluted with water to a volume of 1.0 L at 25 \circ C,0.42% of the acetic acid ionizes to form acetate ion and hydronium ion.CH3CO2H(aq)+ H2O(  When 1.0 mole of acetic acid is diluted with water to a volume of 1.0 L at 25 <sup> \circ </sup>C,0.42% of the acetic acid ionizes to form acetate ion and hydronium ion.CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H(aq)+ H<sub>2</sub>O(   )  CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)+ H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq) What percentage of the acid ionizes when 0.75 mole of acetic acid is diluted with water to 1.0 L at 25 <sup> \circ </sup>C? ) When 1.0 mole of acetic acid is diluted with water to a volume of 1.0 L at 25 <sup> \circ </sup>C,0.42% of the acetic acid ionizes to form acetate ion and hydronium ion.CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H(aq)+ H<sub>2</sub>O(   )  CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)+ H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq) What percentage of the acid ionizes when 0.75 mole of acetic acid is diluted with water to 1.0 L at 25 <sup> \circ </sup>C? CH3CO2-(aq)+ H3O+(aq) What percentage of the acid ionizes when 0.75 mole of acetic acid is diluted with water to 1.0 L at 25 \circ C?

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Nitrogen trifluoride decomposes at to form nitrogen and fluorine gases according to the following equation: Nitrogen trifluoride decomposes at to form nitrogen and fluorine gases according to the following equation:   6.00-L reaction vessel is initially charged with 1.96 mol of NF<sub>3</sub> and allowed to come to equilibrium at 800 K.Once equilibrium is established,the reaction vessel is found to contain 0.0380 mol of N<sub>2</sub>.What is the value of K<sub>p</sub> at this temperature? (R = 0.0821 L.atm.mol.K) 6.00-L reaction vessel is initially charged with 1.96 mol of NF3 and allowed to come to equilibrium at 800 K.Once equilibrium is established,the reaction vessel is found to contain 0.0380 mol of N2.What is the value of Kp at this temperature? (R = 0.0821 L.atm.mol.K)

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For the reaction N2O4(g) For the reaction N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)   2NO<sub>2</sub>(g),K<sub>p</sub> = 0.148 at a temperature of 298 K.What is K<sub>p</sub> for the following reaction? 14NO<sub>2</sub>(g)   7N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g) 2NO2(g),Kp = 0.148 at a temperature of 298 K.What is Kp for the following reaction? 14NO2(g) For the reaction N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)   2NO<sub>2</sub>(g),K<sub>p</sub> = 0.148 at a temperature of 298 K.What is K<sub>p</sub> for the following reaction? 14NO<sub>2</sub>(g)   7N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g) 7N2O4(g)

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Write a balanced chemical equation which corresponds to the following equilibrium constant expression. Write a balanced chemical equation which corresponds to the following equilibrium constant expression.

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Given the following chemical equilibria, N2(g)+ O2(g)  Given the following chemical equilibria, N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 NO(g)  ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~  K<sub>1</sub> N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 3 H<sub>2</sub>(g)    2 NH<sub>3</sub>(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~  ~~~  K<sub>2</sub> H<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 1/2 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~  ~  K<sub>3</sub> Determine the method used to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction below. 4 NH<sub>3</sub>(g)+ 5 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   4 NO(g)+ 6 H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~  K<sub> c</sub> 2 NO(g)         ~~~~~~~~         ~~~~~~~~ K1 N2(g)+ 3 H2(g)  Given the following chemical equilibria, N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 NO(g)  ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~  K<sub>1</sub> N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 3 H<sub>2</sub>(g)    2 NH<sub>3</sub>(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~  ~~~  K<sub>2</sub> H<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 1/2 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~  ~  K<sub>3</sub> Determine the method used to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction below. 4 NH<sub>3</sub>(g)+ 5 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   4 NO(g)+ 6 H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~  K<sub> c</sub> 2 NH3(g)         ~~~~~~~~      ~~ ~~~ K2 H2(g)+ 1/2 O2(g)  Given the following chemical equilibria, N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 NO(g)  ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~  K<sub>1</sub> N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 3 H<sub>2</sub>(g)    2 NH<sub>3</sub>(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~  ~~~  K<sub>2</sub> H<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 1/2 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~  ~  K<sub>3</sub> Determine the method used to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction below. 4 NH<sub>3</sub>(g)+ 5 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   4 NO(g)+ 6 H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~  K<sub> c</sub> H2O(g)         ~~~~~~~~      ~~~~ ~ K3 Determine the method used to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction below. 4 NH3(g)+ 5 O2(g)  Given the following chemical equilibria, N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 NO(g)  ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~  K<sub>1</sub> N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 3 H<sub>2</sub>(g)    2 NH<sub>3</sub>(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~  ~~~  K<sub>2</sub> H<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 1/2 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~  ~  K<sub>3</sub> Determine the method used to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction below. 4 NH<sub>3</sub>(g)+ 5 O<sub>2</sub>(g)   4 NO(g)+ 6 H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ~~~~~~~~  K<sub> c</sub> 4 NO(g)+ 6 H2O(g)         ~~~~~~~~ K c

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Nitrogen and oxygen gases may react to form nitrogen monoxide. At 1500 \circ C,Kc equals 1.0 ×\times 10-5.N2(g)+ O2(g)  Nitrogen and oxygen gases may react to form nitrogen monoxide. At 1500 <sup> \circ </sup>C,K<sub>c</sub> equals 1.0  \times 10<sup>-</sup><sup>5</sup>.N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 NO(g) If 0.030 mol N<sub>2</sub> and 0.030 mol O<sub>2</sub> are sealed in a 1.0 L flask at 1500 <sup> \circ </sup>C,what is the concentration of NO(g)when equilibrium is established? 2 NO(g) If 0.030 mol N2 and 0.030 mol O2 are sealed in a 1.0 L flask at 1500 \circ C,what is the concentration of NO(g)when equilibrium is established?

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At 700 K,Kp for the following equilibrium is 5.6 ×\times 10-3.2HgO(s)  At 700 K,K<sub>p</sub> for the following equilibrium is  5.6  \times  10<sup>-3</sup>.2HgO(s)   2Hg(l)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g) Suppose 51.2 g of mercury(II)oxide is placed in a sealed 3.00-L vessel at 700 K.What is the partial pressure of oxygen gas at equilibrium? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/(K · mol)) 2Hg(l)+ O2(g) Suppose 51.2 g of mercury(II)oxide is placed in a sealed 3.00-L vessel at 700 K.What is the partial pressure of oxygen gas at equilibrium? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/(K · mol))

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A 10.0-g sample of solid NH4Cl is heated in a 5.00-L container to 900.°C.At equilibrium the pressure of NH3(g)is 1.47 atm. NH4Cl(s) A 10.0-g sample of solid NH<sub>4</sub>Cl is heated in a 5.00-L container to 900.°C.At equilibrium the pressure of NH<sub>3</sub>(g)is 1.47 atm. NH<sub>4</sub>Cl(s)   NH<sub>3</sub>(g)+ HCl(g) The equilibrium constant,K<sub>p</sub>,for the reaction is: NH3(g)+ HCl(g) The equilibrium constant,Kp,for the reaction is:

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The equilibrium constant at 25 \circ C for the dissolution of silver iodide is 8.5 ×\times 10-17.AgI(s)  The equilibrium constant at 25 <sup> \circ </sup>C for the dissolution of silver iodide is  8.5  \times  10<sup>-17</sup>.AgI(s)   Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq)+ I<sup>-</sup>(aq) If an excess quantity of AgI(s)is added to water and allowed to equilibrate,what is the equilibrium concentration of I<sup>-</sup>? Ag+(aq)+ I-(aq) If an excess quantity of AgI(s)is added to water and allowed to equilibrate,what is the equilibrium concentration of I-?

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Given the following equilibria, PbBr2(s)  Given the following equilibria, PbBr<sub>2</sub>(s)   Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq)+ 2 Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~~~~~  K<sub>1</sub> = 6.6  \times 0 10<sup>-6</sup> Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq)+ 2 OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~  K<sub>2</sub> = 1.4  \times  10<sup>-15</sup> Determine the equilibrium constant,K<sub>c</sub>,for the following reaction. PbBr<sub>2</sub>(s)+ 2 OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)   Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s)+ 2 Br<sup>-</sup>(aq) Pb2+(aq)+ 2 Br-(aq)         ~~~~~~~~             ~~~~~~~~~~~~ K1 = 6.6 ×\times 0 10-6 Pb(OH)2(s)  Given the following equilibria, PbBr<sub>2</sub>(s)   Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq)+ 2 Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~~~~~  K<sub>1</sub> = 6.6  \times 0 10<sup>-6</sup> Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq)+ 2 OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~  K<sub>2</sub> = 1.4  \times  10<sup>-15</sup> Determine the equilibrium constant,K<sub>c</sub>,for the following reaction. PbBr<sub>2</sub>(s)+ 2 OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)   Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s)+ 2 Br<sup>-</sup>(aq) Pb2+(aq)+ 2 OH-(aq)         ~~~~~~~~         ~~~~~~~~ K2 = 1.4 ×\times 10-15 Determine the equilibrium constant,Kc,for the following reaction. PbBr2(s)+ 2 OH-(aq)  Given the following equilibria, PbBr<sub>2</sub>(s)   Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq)+ 2 Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~~~~~  K<sub>1</sub> = 6.6  \times 0 10<sup>-6</sup> Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq)+ 2 OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) ~~~~~~~~   ~~~~~~~~  K<sub>2</sub> = 1.4  \times  10<sup>-15</sup> Determine the equilibrium constant,K<sub>c</sub>,for the following reaction. PbBr<sub>2</sub>(s)+ 2 OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)   Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s)+ 2 Br<sup>-</sup>(aq) Pb(OH)2(s)+ 2 Br-(aq)

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What balanced equation is the following equilibrium expression derived from? What balanced equation is the following equilibrium expression derived from?

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What is the Kc equilibrium-constant expression for the following equilibrium? What is the K<sub>c</sub> equilibrium-constant expression for the following equilibrium?

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An aqueous mixture of phenol and ammonia has initial concentrations of 0.200 M C6H5OH(aq)and 0.120 M NH3(aq).At equilibrium,the C6H5O-(aq)concentration is 0.050 M.Calculate K for the reaction. C6H5OH(aq)+ NH3(aq) An aqueous mixture of phenol and ammonia has initial concentrations of 0.200 M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH(aq)and 0.120 M NH<sub>3</sub>(aq).At equilibrium,the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sup>-</sup>(aq)concentration is 0.050 M.Calculate K for the reaction. C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH(aq)+ NH<sub>3</sub>(aq)   C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sup>-</sup> + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) C6H5O- + NH4+(aq)

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