Question 1

Deletions or insertions into the genome cause a polymorphism called

Accepted Answer

A)  short tandem repeats. 
B)  variable number tandem repeats. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  single nucleotide polymorphism. 
A)  short tandem repeats. 
B)  variable number tandem repeats. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  single nucleotide polymorphism.

Question 2

The figure below shows part of the primary structure of DNA.Identify the nucleotide.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 3

Identify the phase of PCR amplification where the primer is annealed.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 4

Outline the steps involved in DNA condensation.

Accepted Answer

Double-stranded DNA wraps around histone

Question 5

Which form(s)of DNA exhibit(s)a zigzag arrangement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-DNA 
B)  B-DNA 
C)  Z-DNA 
D)  A-DNA and B-DNA 
A)  A-DNA 
B)  B-DNA 
C)  Z-DNA 
D)  A-DNA and B-DNA

Question 6

What is the melting temperature from the DNA absorbance shown in the figure below?

Accepted Answer

A)  80   C 
B)  85   C 
C)  90   C 
D)  95   C 
A)  80   C 
B)  85   C 
C)  90   C 
D)  95   C

Question 7

If DNA is not cleaved,the total linking number will remain the same,even though the twist and writhe can change.Using one or two complete sentences,explain why the total linking number does not change.

Accepted Answer

Both the twist and the writhe can change

Question 8

Genes found in prokaryotes that only contain a single coding sequence are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  exons. 
B)  introns. 
C)  polycistronic. 
D)  monocistronic. 
A)  exons. 
B)  introns. 
C)  polycistronic. 
D)  monocistronic.

Question 9

Calculate the linking number for a B-DNA strand that contains 735 total base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  61 
C)  67 
D)  70 
A)  50 
B)  61 
C)  67 
D)  70

Question 10

During eukaryotic DNA condensation,nucleosomes are packed together to form

Accepted Answer

A)  histones. 
B)  chromatin. 
C)  chromosomes. 
D)  genes. 
A)  histones. 
B)  chromatin. 
C)  chromosomes. 
D)  genes.

Question 11

When a gene sequence is cloned using mRNA,the mRNA is isolated from the cell and converted into a double-stranded sequence using which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylase 
B)  restriction endonucleases 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  DNA ligase 
A)  DNA methylase 
B)  restriction endonucleases 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  DNA ligase

Question 12

The DNA double helix is considered to be a __________ structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary

Question 13

The linking number of a relaxed DNA strand whose axis is not coiling is 30.Predict the twist and writhe of the DNA stand.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wr = 0, Tw = 30 
B)  Wr = 30, Tw = 0 
C)  Wr = 15, Tw = 15 
D)  Wr = 30, Tw = -30 
A)  Wr = 0, Tw = 30 
B)  Wr = 30, Tw = 0 
C)  Wr = 15, Tw = 15 
D)  Wr = 30, Tw = -30

Question 14

When DNA molecules from multiple sources have been connected in the laboratory,the result is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  promoters. 
B)  cloning vectors. 
C)  cloning sites. 
D)  recombinant DNA. 
A)  promoters. 
B)  cloning vectors. 
C)  cloning sites. 
D)  recombinant DNA.

Question 15

A sequence of B-DNA contains 78,000 base pairs.Analysis shows that 42% are C-G base pairs.Answer the following questions and show your mathematical work.
a. How many pyrimidine bases are in this sequence?
b. How many nucleotides are cytosines?
c. How many nucleotides are thymines?
d. How many hydrogen bonds does this sequence contain?
e. How many turns of the double helix occur in this sequence?

Accepted Answer

a.Each base pair contains a pyrimidine a

Question 16

Explain the difference between a negative supercoil and a positive supercoil.

Accepted Answer

A negative supercoil is when t

Question 17

In the eukaryotic cell,the NONcoding sequences on a gene are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  exons. 
B)  operons. 
C)  introns. 
D)  promoter. 
A)  exons. 
B)  operons. 
C)  introns. 
D)  promoter.

Question 18

The proteins that bind to DNA in a sequence-independent manner are

Accepted Answer

A)  histones. 
B)  single-stranded binding proteins. 
C)  Lac repressor proteins. 
D)  histones and single-stranded binding proteins. 
A)  histones. 
B)  single-stranded binding proteins. 
C)  Lac repressor proteins. 
D)  histones and single-stranded binding proteins.

Question 19

Many different genetic variations can be found when comparing the gene sequence of two individuals.Explain three causes of the variations.

Accepted Answer

(1)Single nucleotide polymorphisms are w

Question 20

What is the benefit of comparing a human disease gene to similar genes in other organisms using a bioinformatics tool such as BLAST?

Accepted Answer

The comparison can lead to insight into

Exam 3: Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Deletions or insertions into the genome cause a polymorphism called

The figure below shows part of the primary structure of DNA.Identify the nucleotide.

Identify the phase of PCR amplification where the primer is annealed.

Outline the steps involved in DNA condensation.

Which form(s)of DNA exhibit(s)a zigzag arrangement?

What is the melting temperature from the DNA absorbance shown in the figure below?

If DNA is not cleaved,the total linking number will remain the same,even though the twist and writhe can change.Using one or two complete sentences,explain why the total linking number does not change.

Genes found in prokaryotes that only contain a single coding sequence are referred to as

Calculate the linking number for a B-DNA strand that contains 735 total base pairs.

During eukaryotic DNA condensation,nucleosomes are packed together to form

When a gene sequence is cloned using mRNA,the mRNA is isolated from the cell and converted into a double-stranded sequence using which enzyme?

The DNA double helix is considered to be a __________ structure.

The linking number of a relaxed DNA strand whose axis is not coiling is 30.Predict the twist and writhe of the DNA stand.

When DNA molecules from multiple sources have been connected in the laboratory,the result is referred to as

Explain the difference between a negative supercoil and a positive supercoil.

In the eukaryotic cell,the NONcoding sequences on a gene are referred to as

The proteins that bind to DNA in a sequence-independent manner are

Many different genetic variations can be found when comparing the gene sequence of two individuals.Explain three causes of the variations.

What is the benefit of comparing a human disease gene to similar genes in other organisms using a bioinformatics tool such as BLAST?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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