Question 1

DNA strands are considered to be antiparallel.This means the

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiester bonds run in the same direction. 
B)  phosphodiester bonds run in different directions. 
C)  base pairs form hydrogen bonds. 
D)  phosphate backbone is on the outside of the helix. 
A)  phosphodiester bonds run in the same direction. 
B)  phosphodiester bonds run in different directions. 
C)  base pairs form hydrogen bonds. 
D)  phosphate backbone is on the outside of the helix.

Question 2

In viral transduction,DNA is transferred when

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriophages infect bacteria. 
B)  foreign DNA fragments are inserted into the plasmid using multiple cloning sites. 
C)  there is a horizontal gene transfer during the bacteria mating process. 
D)  a dead bacterium releases DNA into the environment and it is obtained by another bacterium. 
A)  bacteriophages infect bacteria. 
B)  foreign DNA fragments are inserted into the plasmid using multiple cloning sites. 
C)  there is a horizontal gene transfer during the bacteria mating process. 
D)  a dead bacterium releases DNA into the environment and it is obtained by another bacterium.

Question 3

Outline the steps used in the chain-termination method to determine the sequence of a region of DNA.Using the figure below,explain what occurs at steps A,B,C,D,and E.

Accepted Answer

A,Fluorescently labeled ddNTPs and unlab

Question 4

The A-T content for several DNA strands is reported below.Which strand would have the highest Tm?

Accepted Answer

A)  40% A-T 
B)  50% A-T 
C)  60% A-T 
D)  70% A-T 
A)  40% A-T 
B)  50% A-T 
C)  60% A-T 
D)  70% A-T

Question 5

The interior stacking of the DNA bases in the double helix provides stability through

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. 
B)  hydrophilic and van der Waals interactions. 
C)  hydrophilic and ion-dipole interactions. 
D)  hydrophobic and ion-dipole interactions. 
A)  hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. 
B)  hydrophilic and van der Waals interactions. 
C)  hydrophilic and ion-dipole interactions. 
D)  hydrophobic and ion-dipole interactions.

Question 6

Chromatin that consists of more condensed regions of mostly noncoding DNA are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleosomes. 
B)  histones. 
C)  heterochromatin. 
D)  euchromatin. 
A)  nucleosomes. 
B)  histones. 
C)  heterochromatin. 
D)  euchromatin.

Question 7

When a gene sequence is cloned using mRNA,which enzyme is used to seal the single-strand gaps left behind in the second strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylase 
B)  restriction endonucleases 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  DNA ligase 
A)  DNA methylase 
B)  restriction endonucleases 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  DNA ligase

Question 8

Predict how type II topoisomerases change the supercoil region.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lk = 2 
B)  Lk = 1 
C)  Lk = -1 
D)  Lk = -2 
A)  Lk = 2 
B)  Lk = 1 
C)  Lk = -1 
D)  Lk = -2

Question 9

Why does the Tm increase as the G-C content increases?

Accepted Answer

G-C base pairs have more favor

Question 10

Two identical copies of replicated DNA that remain attached until cell division are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  telomeres. 
B)  centromeres. 
C)  kinetochores. 
D)  sister chromatids. 
A)  telomeres. 
B)  centromeres. 
C)  kinetochores. 
D)  sister chromatids.

Question 11

The DNA of a bacteria was isolated and it was determined that 15% of the DNA is composed of cytosine.What percentage of the DNA is guanine?

Accepted Answer

A)  15% 
B)  30% 
C)  35% 
D)  70% 
A)  15% 
B)  30% 
C)  35% 
D)  70%

Question 12

The   -galactosidase gene that is inserted into plasmid cloning vectors is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  cleave the DNA in a sequence-specific fashion. 
B)  disrupt the antibiotic-resistance gene, making it nonfunctional. 
C)  determine if the cloning has been successful. 
D)  protect the bacteria from bacteriophage infection. 
A)  cleave the DNA in a sequence-specific fashion. 
B)  disrupt the antibiotic-resistance gene, making it nonfunctional. 
C)  determine if the cloning has been successful. 
D)  protect the bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Question 13

The ability to monitor the denaturation of DNA using absorbance is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  annealing. 
B)  supercoiling. 
C)  melting temperature. 
D)  hyperchromic effect. 
A)  annealing. 
B)  supercoiling. 
C)  melting temperature. 
D)  hyperchromic effect.

Question 14

Identify the phase of PCR amplification where DNA synthesis occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 15

The process of condensation reduced the size of DNA by

Accepted Answer

A)  100-fold. 
B)  1,000-fold. 
C)  10,000-fold. 
D)  100,000-fold. 
A)  100-fold. 
B)  1,000-fold. 
C)  10,000-fold. 
D)  100,000-fold.

Question 16

A common database tool used to determine homologous genomic sequences is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the National Center for Biotechnology Information. 
B)  the National Human Genome Research Institute. 
C)  Computational Analysis. 
D)  Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. 
A)  the National Center for Biotechnology Information. 
B)  the National Human Genome Research Institute. 
C)  Computational Analysis. 
D)  Basic Local Alignment Search Tool.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the arrangements of A-DNA,B-DNA,and Z-DNA.

Accepted Answer

All three forms have identical covalent

Question 18

Which method of analyzing RNA transcripts is considered to be an unbiased approach because it does not use a predetermined collection of complementary DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmid cloning 
B)  viral transduction 
C)  RNA-seq 
D)  gene-expression microarrays 
A)  plasmid cloning 
B)  viral transduction 
C)  RNA-seq 
D)  gene-expression microarrays

Question 19

Type II topoisomerase enzymes are important in replication and transcription because they

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent autocleavage. 
B)  prevent DNA cleavage. 
C)  relieve the positive supercoiling. 
D)  stabilize the cleaved complex. 
A)  prevent autocleavage. 
B)  prevent DNA cleavage. 
C)  relieve the positive supercoiling. 
D)  stabilize the cleaved complex.

Question 20

Individual nucleotide changes to the genome cause a polymorphism called

Accepted Answer

A)  short tandem repeats. 
B)  variable number tandem repeats. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  single nucleotide polymorphism. 
A)  short tandem repeats. 
B)  variable number tandem repeats. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  single nucleotide polymorphism.

Exam 3: Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

DNA strands are considered to be antiparallel.This means the

In viral transduction,DNA is transferred when

Outline the steps used in the chain-termination method to determine the sequence of a region of DNA.Using the figure below,explain what occurs at steps A,B,C,D,and E.

The A-T content for several DNA strands is reported below.Which strand would have the highest Tm?

The interior stacking of the DNA bases in the double helix provides stability through

Chromatin that consists of more condensed regions of mostly noncoding DNA are referred to as

When a gene sequence is cloned using mRNA,which enzyme is used to seal the single-strand gaps left behind in the second strand of DNA?

Predict how type II topoisomerases change the supercoil region.

Why does the Tm increase as the G-C content increases?

Two identical copies of replicated DNA that remain attached until cell division are referred to as

The DNA of a bacteria was isolated and it was determined that 15% of the DNA is composed of cytosine.What percentage of the DNA is guanine?

The -galactosidase gene that is inserted into plasmid cloning vectors is used to

The ability to monitor the denaturation of DNA using absorbance is referred to as

Identify the phase of PCR amplification where DNA synthesis occurs.

The process of condensation reduced the size of DNA by

A common database tool used to determine homologous genomic sequences is called

Compare and contrast the arrangements of A-DNA,B-DNA,and Z-DNA.

Which method of analyzing RNA transcripts is considered to be an unbiased approach because it does not use a predetermined collection of complementary DNA sequence?

Type II topoisomerase enzymes are important in replication and transcription because they

Individual nucleotide changes to the genome cause a polymorphism called

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

The A-T content for several DNA strands is reported below.Which strand would have the highest T_m?

Why does the T_m increase as the G-C content increases?