Question 1

What is responsible for recognition of the antibody-binding site to homologous antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenotype 
B)  Solubility of antigen 
C)  Variable region of light/heavy chain 
D)  Complementarity 
A)  Phenotype 
B)  Solubility of antigen 
C)  Variable region of light/heavy chain 
D)  Complementarity

Question 2

Name a lymphoid organ in which cells of the immune system can be found.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thymus 
B)  Bone marrow 
C)  Spleen 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Thymus 
B)  Bone marrow 
C)  Spleen 
D)  All of the above

Question 3

What is a possible explanation for a weak reaction (1+) in a reverse ABO grouping test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elderly patient 
B)  Immunocompromised patient 
C)  IgM deficiency 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Elderly patient 
B)  Immunocompromised patient 
C)  IgM deficiency 
D)  All of the above

Question 4

How can T cells be differentiated from B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretion of interleukin-2 
B)  CD2 marker 
C)  Agglutination of sheep erythrocytes 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Secretion of interleukin-2 
B)  CD2 marker 
C)  Agglutination of sheep erythrocytes 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

How is the classical pathway of complement activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  By polysaccharides on the surface of bacteria 
B)  By enzyme catalysis 
C)  By binding of antigen with antibody 
D)  By lipopolysaccharides on surface of red blood cells 
A)  By polysaccharides on the surface of bacteria 
B)  By enzyme catalysis 
C)  By binding of antigen with antibody 
D)  By lipopolysaccharides on surface of red blood cells

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true concerning immunoglobulin variations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allotypic variations occur primarily in the variable region. 
B)  Isotypic refers to all members of a species. 
C)  Idiotypic variation occurs in the constant region. 
D)  Isotypic variation is associated with organ transplantation and paternity testing. 
A)  Allotypic variations occur primarily in the variable region. 
B)  Isotypic refers to all members of a species. 
C)  Idiotypic variation occurs in the constant region. 
D)  Isotypic variation is associated with organ transplantation and paternity testing.

Question 7

Which IgG subclass primarily comprises antibodies to the Rh blood group system?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG1, IgG2 
B)  IgG2, IgG4 
C)  IgG3, IgG4 
D)  IgG1, IgG3 
A)  IgG1, IgG2 
B)  IgG2, IgG4 
C)  IgG3, IgG4 
D)  IgG1, IgG3

Question 8

What is the definition of an immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antigen 
B)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antibody 
C)  A substance that aids in the primary immune response 
D)  A substance that aids in the growth and proliferation of leukocytes 
A)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antigen 
B)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antibody 
C)  A substance that aids in the primary immune response 
D)  A substance that aids in the growth and proliferation of leukocytes

Question 9

All of the following are characteristics of antigens that affect the type and extent of immune response except:

Accepted Answer

A)  solubility. 
B)  charge. 
C)  molecular weight. 
D)  genetic locus. 
A)  solubility. 
B)  charge. 
C)  molecular weight. 
D)  genetic locus.

Question 10

What cells are considered polymorphonuclear granulocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Lymphocytes 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Lymphocytes 
D)  None of the above

Question 11

All of the following are included in the actions of cytokines except:

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of growth and mobility and differentiation of leukocytes. 
B)  possible production of a synergistic effect when used together. 
C)  decrease in the number of cell receptors when going from a resting to a reactive state. 
D)  binding to target cell receptors. 
A)  regulation of growth and mobility and differentiation of leukocytes. 
B)  possible production of a synergistic effect when used together. 
C)  decrease in the number of cell receptors when going from a resting to a reactive state. 
D)  binding to target cell receptors.

Question 12

______________ are produced by monocytes and lymphocytes to help regulate growth, mobility, and differentiation of leukocytes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Monokines 
B)  Lymphokines 
C)  Cytokines 
D)  Optikines 
A)  Monokines 
B)  Lymphokines 
C)  Cytokines 
D)  Optikines

Question 13

Anti JK (Kidd) antibodies are of what class of antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG1 
B)  IgG2 
C)  IgG3 
D)  IgM 
A)  IgG1 
B)  IgG2 
C)  IgG3 
D)  IgM

Question 14

Only 5% of Kell-negative individuals will develop antibodies to Kell if exposed to the Kell antigen, whereas 50% to 70% of Rh(D)-negative individuals would produce antibodies to D upon exposure. What is the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Difference in ABO type 
B)  Difference in immunogenicity 
C)  Phenotype 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Difference in ABO type 
B)  Difference in immunogenicity 
C)  Phenotype 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

Why are enzymes used in blood banking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes enhance reactivity of MNS antigens. 
B)  Sialic acid is released from red blood cells, which helps to reduce the zeta potential. 
C)  Hydrophobic glycoproteins are removed from the red blood cell membrane, rendering the membrane hydrophilic (water loving), thereby allowing the red blood cells to move closer. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Enzymes enhance reactivity of MNS antigens. 
B)  Sialic acid is released from red blood cells, which helps to reduce the zeta potential. 
C)  Hydrophobic glycoproteins are removed from the red blood cell membrane, rendering the membrane hydrophilic (water loving), thereby allowing the red blood cells to move closer. 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

Which blood group antibodies are known to activate complement, leading to intravascular hemolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis 
B)  Rh 
C)  Duffy 
D)  ABO 
A)  Lewis 
B)  Rh 
C)  Duffy 
D)  ABO

Question 17

Which antibodies characteristically demonstrate a decreased avidity for antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh 
B)  HTLA 
C)  Lewis 
D)  ABO 
A)  Rh 
B)  HTLA 
C)  Lewis 
D)  ABO

Question 18

All of the following are characteristics of a secondary immune response except:

Accepted Answer

A)  quickly formed antibodies. 
B)  higher avidity for antigen. 
C)  higher dose of antigen required to form antibodies. 
D)  lower dose of antigen required to form antibodies. 
A)  quickly formed antibodies. 
B)  higher avidity for antigen. 
C)  higher dose of antigen required to form antibodies. 
D)  lower dose of antigen required to form antibodies.

Question 19

What class of immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgD 
A)  IgM 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgD

Question 20

What Rh type does a mother have to be to produce antibodies to Rh(D) from an Rh-positive infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  O-positive 
B)  Rh-positive 
C)  Rh-negative 
D)  Kell-negative 
A)  O-positive 
B)  Rh-positive 
C)  Rh-negative 
D)  Kell-negative

Exam 3: Fundamentals of Immunology

What is responsible for recognition of the antibody-binding site to homologous antigen?

Name a lymphoid organ in which cells of the immune system can be found.

What is a possible explanation for a weak reaction (1+) in a reverse ABO grouping test?

How can T cells be differentiated from B cells?

How is the classical pathway of complement activated?

Which of the following statements is true concerning immunoglobulin variations?

Which IgG subclass primarily comprises antibodies to the Rh blood group system?

What is the definition of an immunoglobulin?

All of the following are characteristics of antigens that affect the type and extent of immune response except:

What cells are considered polymorphonuclear granulocytes?

All of the following are included in the actions of cytokines except:

______________ are produced by monocytes and lymphocytes to help regulate growth, mobility, and differentiation of leukocytes.

Anti JK (Kidd) antibodies are of what class of antibody?

Only 5% of Kell-negative individuals will develop antibodies to Kell if exposed to the Kell antigen, whereas 50% to 70% of Rh(D)-negative individuals would produce antibodies to D upon exposure. What is the reason for this?

Why are enzymes used in blood banking?

Which blood group antibodies are known to activate complement, leading to intravascular hemolysis?

Which antibodies characteristically demonstrate a decreased avidity for antigen?

All of the following are characteristics of a secondary immune response except:

What class of immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?

What Rh type does a mother have to be to produce antibodies to Rh(D) from an Rh-positive infant?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

Filters