Question 1

Write a complete, balanced equation to represent the alpha decay of radon-210.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write a complete, balanced equation to represent...

Question 2

Which one of the following is a subatomic particle closely related to the positron?

Accepted Answer

A)  proton 
B)  electron 
C)  negatron 
D)  neutron 
E)  neutrino 
A)  proton 
B)  electron 
C)  negatron 
D)  neutron 
E)  neutrino B

Question 3

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10-7 moles emitted 8.42 × 106 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.35 × 10-14 yr-1 
B)  4.96 × 10-11 yr-1 
C)  1.40 × 1010 yr-1 
D)  2.99 × 1013 yr-1 
E)  none of the above 
A)  3.35 × 10-14 yr-1 
B)  4.96 × 10-11 yr-1 
C)  1.40 × 1010 yr-1 
D)  2.99 × 1013 yr-1 
E)  none of the above B

Question 4

The radioisotope   will decay through

Accepted Answer

A)  .F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 decay. 
B)  .F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 decay. 
C)  positron decay. 
D)  electron capture. 
E)  .F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 decay. 
A)  .F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 decay. 
B)  .F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 decay. 
C)  positron decay. 
D)  electron capture. 
E)  .F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 decay.

Question 5

A bottle of vintage red wine has lost its label. The concentration of tritium (   ) in the wine is 0.34 times that found in freshly bottled wines. If the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years, estimate the time elapsed since the wine was bottled.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bottle of vintage red wine has...

Question 6

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ci for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays. If the energy of the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 radiation is 9.7 × 10-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g, what is the dose received by the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.027 rads 
B)  1.2 rads 
C)  37 rads 
D)  85 rads 
E)  none of the above 
A)  0.027 rads 
B)  1.2 rads 
C)  37 rads 
D)  85 rads 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay. Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy. How much energy will be emitted when 0.0025 mol of calcium-39 decays?

Accepted Answer

A)  13.2 kJ 
B)  1.32 × 104 kJ 
C)  1.32 × 106 kJ 
D)  1.32 × 109 kJ 
E)  none of the above 
A)  13.2 kJ 
B)  1.32 × 104 kJ 
C)  1.32 × 106 kJ 
D)  1.32 × 109 kJ 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Which one of the following descriptions relating to nuclear reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ratio of neutrons to protons remains constant. 
B)  The number of protons plus neutrons remains constant. 
C)  The number of electron remains constant. 
D)  The total charge changes. 
E)  The total number of nucleons changes. 
A)  The ratio of neutrons to protons remains constant. 
B)  The number of protons plus neutrons remains constant. 
C)  The number of electron remains constant. 
D)  The total charge changes. 
E)  The total number of nucleons changes.

Question 9

What is the mechanism by which control rods slow down the fission rate in a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

Control rods absorb neutrons which would

Question 10

When an electron and its anti-particle, a positron, collide, they annihilate each other. Calculate the energy released in this process, in J. (The positron mass is the same as the electron mass, namely 9.11 × 10-31 kg.)

Accepted Answer

Question 11

Calculate to four significant figures
a. the mass defect in kg, and
b. the energy released in kJ/mol, when a neutron decays to produce a proton and an electron. The neutron, proton, and electron masses are 1.67493 × 10-27 kg, 1.67262 × 10-27 kg and 9.10939 × 10-31 kg, respectively.

Accepted Answer

a. 1.399 ×

Question 12

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 13

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 14

Sodium-21 will emit positrons each having an energy of 4.0 × 10-13 J. What is this energy in MeV?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.0 × 10-7 MeV 
B)  2.5 MeV 
C)  40 MeV 
D)  2.5 × 106 MeV 
E)  none of the above 
A)  4.0 × 10-7 MeV 
B)  2.5 MeV 
C)  40 MeV 
D)  2.5 × 106 MeV 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 16

Which of the following series of radioactive decays would convert Pa-234 to Ra-226?

Accepted Answer

A)  beta, alpha, beta 
B)  alpha, alpha 
C)  beta, alpha, alpha, beta 
D)  beta, alpha, alpha 
E)  alpha, beta, gamma 
A)  beta, alpha, beta 
B)  alpha, alpha 
C)  beta, alpha, alpha, beta 
D)  beta, alpha, alpha 
E)  alpha, beta, gamma

Question 17

A 9.52 × 10-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 1016 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.23 × 10-3 h 
B)  1.55 × 10-3 h 
C)  448 h 
D)  645 h 
E)  none of the above 
A)  2.23 × 10-3 h 
B)  1.55 × 10-3 h 
C)  448 h 
D)  645 h 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B)  the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C)  the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D)  the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E)  None of the above reasons is correct. 
A)  the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B)  the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C)  the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D)  the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E)  None of the above reasons is correct.

Question 19

What is the specific activity (in Ci/g) of an isotope if 3.56 mg emits 4.26 × 108 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 particles per second?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.003232 Ci/g 
B)  0.0115 Ci/g 
C)  0.309 Ci/g 
D)  3.23 Ci/g 
E)  none of the above 
A)  0.003232 Ci/g 
B)  0.0115 Ci/g 
C)  0.309 Ci/g 
D)  3.23 Ci/g 
E)  none of the above

Question 20

Of the naturally-occurring elements on earth today, identify by their chemical symbols
a. two which would have resulted directly from the "big bang".
b. one which can only be formed in supernova explosions.
c. two which are formed during the normal life of first generation stars.

Accepted Answer

a. H, He
b

Exam 24: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Write a complete, balanced equation to represent the alpha decay of radon-210.

Which one of the following is a subatomic particle closely related to the positron?

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10-7 moles emitted 8.42 × 106  particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

The radioisotope will decay through

A bottle of vintage red wine has lost its label. The concentration of tritium ( ) in the wine is 0.34 times that found in freshly bottled wines. If the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years, estimate the time elapsed since the wine was bottled.

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 Ci for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays. If the energy of the  radiation is 9.7 × 10-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g, what is the dose received by the patient?

Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay. Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy. How much energy will be emitted when 0.0025 mol of calcium-39 decays?

Which one of the following descriptions relating to nuclear reactions is correct?

What is the mechanism by which control rods slow down the fission rate in a nuclear reactor?

When an electron and its anti-particle, a positron, collide, they annihilate each other. Calculate the energy released in this process, in J. (The positron mass is the same as the electron mass, namely 9.11 × 10-31 kg.)

Calculate to four significant figures a. the mass defect in kg, and b. the energy released in kJ/mol, when a neutron decays to produce a proton and an electron. The neutron, proton, and electron masses are 1.67493 × 10-27 kg, 1.67262 × 10-27 kg and 9.10939 × 10-31 kg, respectively.

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Sodium-21 will emit positrons each having an energy of 4.0 × 10-13 J. What is this energy in MeV?

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Which of the following series of radioactive decays would convert Pa-234 to Ra-226?

A 9.52 × 10-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 1016  particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

What is the specific activity (in Ci/g) of an isotope if 3.56 mg emits 4.26 × 108  particles per second?

Of the naturally-occurring elements on earth today, identify by their chemical symbols a. two which would have resulted directly from the "big bang". b. one which can only be formed in supernova explosions. c. two which are formed during the normal life of first generation stars.

Keys to the Study of Chemistry

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main Group Elements: Bonding, Structure, and Reactivity

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Elements in Nature and Industry

The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Filters

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10^-7moles emitted 8.42 × 10⁶  particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 Ci for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays. If the energy of the  radiation is 9.7 × 10^-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g, what is the dose received by the patient?

When an electron and its anti-particle, a positron, collide, they annihilate each other. Calculate the energy released in this process, in J. (The positron mass is the same as the electron mass, namely 9.11 × 10^-31 kg.)

Calculate to four significant figures a. the mass defect in kg, and b. the energy released in kJ/mol, when a neutron decays to produce a proton and an electron. The neutron, proton, and electron masses are 1.67493 × 10^-27 kg, 1.67262 × 10^-27 kg and 9.10939 × 10^-31 kg, respectively.

Sodium-21 will emit positrons each having an energy of 4.0 × 10^-13 J. What is this energy in MeV?

A 9.52 × 10^-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 10¹⁶  particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

What is the specific activity (in Ci/g) of an isotope if 3.56 mg emits 4.26 × 10⁸  particles per second?