Question 1

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fe and C 
B)  Fe and Mn 
C)  Fe and Ni 
D)  Cr and C 
E)  Fe, Cr, and Ni 
A)  Fe and C 
B)  Fe and Mn 
C)  Fe and Ni 
D)  Cr and C 
E)  Fe, Cr, and Ni E

Question 2

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  roasting. 
B)  leaching. 
C)  smelting. 
D)  flotation. 
E)  hydration. 
A)  roasting. 
B)  leaching. 
C)  smelting. 
D)  flotation. 
E)  hydration.

Question 5

The Earth's core consists mainly of

Accepted Answer

A)  Ni. 
B)  O. 
C)  Al. 
D)  Si. 
E)  Fe. 
A)  Ni. 
B)  O. 
C)  Al. 
D)  Si. 
E)  Fe.

Question 6

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts. 
B)  The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed. 
C)  The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water. 
D)  The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water. 
E)  The aqueous metal ions react violently with water. 
A)  The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts. 
B)  The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed. 
C)  The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water. 
D)  The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water. 
E)  The aqueous metal ions react violently with water.

Question 7

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  CH4(g) + H2O(g) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 CO(g) + 3H2(g) 
B)  3FeCl2(s) + 4H2O(g) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Fe3O4(s) + 6HCl(g) + H2(g) 
C)  NaH(s) + H2O(l) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 
D)  CO(g) + H2O (g) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 CO2(g) + H2(g) 
E)  None of the above methods is useful. 
A)  CH4(g) + H2O(g) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 CO(g) + 3H2(g) 
B)  3FeCl2(s) + 4H2O(g) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Fe3O4(s) + 6HCl(g) + H2(g) 
C)  NaH(s) + H2O(l) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 
D)  CO(g) + H2O (g) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 CO2(g) + H2(g) 
E)  None of the above methods is useful.

Question 9

The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called

Accepted Answer

A)  roasting. 
B)  smelting. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  leaching. 
E)  oxidation. 
A)  roasting. 
B)  smelting. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  leaching. 
E)  oxidation.

Question 10

The Downs cell is used in the production of

Accepted Answer

A)  copper. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  iron. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  sodium. 
A)  copper. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  iron. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  sodium.

Question 11

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Al2O3 
B)  Al(OH)3 
C)  F- 
D)  AlF63- 
E)  C 
A)  Al2O3 
B)  Al(OH)3 
C)  F- 
D)  AlF63- 
E)  C

Question 12

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Accepted Answer

A)  aluminite. 
B)  hematite. 
C)  galena. 
D)  cinnabar. 
E)  bauxite. 
A)  aluminite. 
B)  hematite. 
C)  galena. 
D)  cinnabar. 
E)  bauxite.

Question 13

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO3, from atmospheric N2, O2, and H2O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO3 by this route.

Accepted Answer

N₂(g) + O₂(g) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 2

Question 15

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Accepted Answer

A)  H. 
B)  Fe. 
C)  Al. 
D)  Si. 
E)  O. 
A)  H. 
B)  Fe. 
C)  Al. 
D)  Si. 
E)  O.

Question 16

Describe, and give reasons for, the fundamental bonding differences between transition metal sulfides and transition metal oxides.

Accepted Answer

Transition metal oxides are ionic in nat

Question 17

The mass of the atmosphere has been estimated to be 5.2 × 1021 g, while the average molar mass of atmospheric gases is 28.9 g/mol. If the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 360 ppm by volume, calculate the mass of this gas in the atmosphere, in billions of metric tons, bmt. (1 bmt = 1012 kg)

Accepted Answer

Question 18

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a good source of fluoride ions. 
B)  it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point. 
C)  it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent. 
D)  it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent. 
E)  it is very soluble in water. 
A)  it is a good source of fluoride ions. 
B)  it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point. 
C)  it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent. 
D)  it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent. 
E)  it is very soluble in water.

Question 19

The leaching of gold can be represented by the equation
4Au(s) + O2(s) + 8CN-(aq) + 2H2O(l) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 4Au(CN)2-(aq) + 4OH-(aq)
In this reaction, identify the oxidant, the reductant and the oxidation numbers of the elements which change.

Accepted Answer

The oxidant is O₂, the reductan

Question 20

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel. 
B)  serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace. 
C)  remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel. 
D)  add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength. 
E)  create gangue. 
A)  convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel. 
B)  serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace. 
C)  remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel. 
D)  add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength. 
E)  create gangue.

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

The Earth's core consists mainly of

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Which of the following reactions is a good small-scale laboratory method for preparation of hydrogen?

The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called

The Downs cell is used in the production of

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO3, from atmospheric N2, O2, and H2O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO3 by this route.

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Describe, and give reasons for, the fundamental bonding differences between transition metal sulfides and transition metal oxides.

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

The leaching of gold can be represented by the equation 4Au(s) + O2(s) + 8CN-(aq) + 2H2O(l)  4Au(CN)2-(aq) + 4OH-(aq) In this reaction, identify the oxidant, the reductant and the oxidation numbers of the elements which change.

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Keys to the Study of Chemistry

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main Group Elements: Bonding, Structure, and Reactivity

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO₃, from atmospheric N₂, O₂,and H₂O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO₃ by this route.

Cryolite, Na₃AlF₆, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

The leaching of gold can be represented by the equation 4Au(s) + O₂(s) + 8CN^-(aq) + 2H₂O(l)  4Au(CN)₂^-(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) In this reaction, identify the oxidant, the reductant and the oxidation numbers of the elements which change.