Question 1

Miguel is an animal trainer who teaches animals to act as the "eyes" of the blind.It is most likely that Miguel relies on:

Accepted Answer

A) shaping. 
B) observational learning. 
C) vicarious learning 
D) latent learning. 
A) shaping. 
B) observational learning. 
C) vicarious learning 
D) latent learning.

Question 2

When a 3-year-old named Peter was deathly afraid of rabbits,his fear was eliminated through:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) counterconditioning. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) counterconditioning. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) operant conditioning.

Question 3

Reinforcers do not have to be things.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In the initial salivary reflex studied by Pavlov,what was the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) Food 
B) Thoughts of anticipation 
C) Salivation 
D) The sight and smell of food 
A) Food 
B) Thoughts of anticipation 
C) Salivation 
D) The sight and smell of food

Question 5

The classical-conditioning term for a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning is:

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response. 
A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response.

Question 6

When people try to use reinforcers to change behavior there are two complications that sometimes occur: F1F1F1S1F1F1F10misuse of rewards F1F1F1S1F1F1F10rewards that backfire Analyze each of these complications.Describe ways in which these complications may be avoided.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 7

B.F.Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds.Within a short time most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent ritual,even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer.The birds were:

Accepted Answer

A) demonstrating spontaneous recovery. 
B) developing phobias. 
C) trained by vicarious learning. 
D) behaving superstitiously. 
A) demonstrating spontaneous recovery. 
B) developing phobias. 
C) trained by vicarious learning. 
D) behaving superstitiously.

Question 8

Three-year-old Peter's fear of rabbits was eliminated through a process called counterconditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The first known scientific study of anger was conducted by G.Stanley Hall in the late 1800s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Classical conditioning has occurred if your mouth begins to water when you see a picture of your favorite meal on the menu.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In Taking Psychology with You,the authors point out that operant conditioning may seem simple,but in practice it can be complex.They list five suggestions to keep in mind if you want to modify someone's behavior.Describe the impact that each suggestion has on effective behavior modification.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 12

An analysis of the principles of classical conditioning reveals that:

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning occurs in mammals,but not in lower species. 
B) classically conditioned responses last for about two years. 
C) completely eliminating a conditioned response usually requires more than one session. 
D) the mere pairing of an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus is enough to produce learning. 
A) classical conditioning occurs in mammals,but not in lower species. 
B) classically conditioned responses last for about two years. 
C) completely eliminating a conditioned response usually requires more than one session. 
D) the mere pairing of an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus is enough to produce learning.

Question 13

B.F.Skinner has been called one of the greatest of American psychologists.He also had been called one of the most misunderstood psychologists.Distinguish between the "man" and the "myth," supporting your statements with information from the textbook.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 14

After the success of the television show The Simpsons,the text indicates that the following behavior increased:

Accepted Answer

A) graffiti 
B) dysfunctional parenting 
C) girls began playing the saxophone 
D) beehive hair styles. 
A) graffiti 
B) dysfunctional parenting 
C) girls began playing the saxophone 
D) beehive hair styles.

Question 15

The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce maladaptive behaviors is called behavior modification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When a response is first acquired,learning is usually most rapid if the response is reinforced:

Accepted Answer

A) on a fixed schedule for a certain number of responses. 
B) on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
C) on a fixed schedule after a certain amount of time. 
D) on a schedule that varies around an average number of responses. 
A) on a fixed schedule for a certain number of responses. 
B) on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
C) on a fixed schedule after a certain amount of time. 
D) on a schedule that varies around an average number of responses.

Question 17

_______________ occurs when a pigeon that has been trained to peck at a picture of a circle also pecks at a picture of an oval.

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus discrimination 
B) Shaping 
C) Stimulus generalization 
D) Instinctive drift 
A) Stimulus discrimination 
B) Shaping 
C) Stimulus generalization 
D) Instinctive drift

Question 18

Kaiti uses her new green gel pen when writing essays for exams,and sometimes she gets A's on these exams.Kaiti begins to feel that this pen is "lucky" and decides to use it whenever she takes a test.Kaiti's reaction demonstrates the power of:

Accepted Answer

A) continuous reinforcement. 
B) vicarious learning. 
C) intermittent reinforcement. 
D) behavior modification. 
A) continuous reinforcement. 
B) vicarious learning. 
C) intermittent reinforcement. 
D) behavior modification.

Question 19

B.F.Skinner was a cold-blooded individual who raised his daughter,Deborah,in an Air-Crib without benefit of cuddling and holding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If you want to modify someone's behavior,then it is most effective if you accentuate the positive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Miguel is an animal trainer who teaches animals to act as the "eyes" of the blind.It is most likely that Miguel relies on:

When a 3-year-old named Peter was deathly afraid of rabbits,his fear was eliminated through:

Reinforcers do not have to be things.

In the initial salivary reflex studied by Pavlov,what was the unconditioned stimulus?

The classical-conditioning term for a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning is:

When people try to use reinforcers to change behavior there are two complications that sometimes occur: misuse of rewards rewards that backfire Analyze each of these complications.Describe ways in which these complications may be avoided.

B.F.Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds.Within a short time most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent ritual,even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer.The birds were:

Three-year-old Peter's fear of rabbits was eliminated through a process called counterconditioning.

The first known scientific study of anger was conducted by G.Stanley Hall in the late 1800s.

Classical conditioning has occurred if your mouth begins to water when you see a picture of your favorite meal on the menu.

In Taking Psychology with You,the authors point out that operant conditioning may seem simple,but in practice it can be complex.They list five suggestions to keep in mind if you want to modify someone's behavior.Describe the impact that each suggestion has on effective behavior modification.

An analysis of the principles of classical conditioning reveals that:

B.F.Skinner has been called one of the greatest of American psychologists.He also had been called one of the most misunderstood psychologists.Distinguish between the "man" and the "myth," supporting your statements with information from the textbook.

After the success of the television show The Simpsons,the text indicates that the following behavior increased:

The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce maladaptive behaviors is called behavior modification.

When a response is first acquired,learning is usually most rapid if the response is reinforced:

_______________ occurs when a pigeon that has been trained to peck at a picture of a circle also pecks at a picture of an oval.

Kaiti uses her new green gel pen when writing essays for exams,and sometimes she gets A's on these exams.Kaiti begins to feel that this pen is "lucky" and decides to use it whenever she takes a test.Kaiti's reaction demonstrates the power of:

B.F.Skinner was a cold-blooded individual who raised his daughter,Deborah,in an Air-Crib without benefit of cuddling and holding.

If you want to modify someone's behavior,then it is most effective if you accentuate the positive.

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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