Exam 7: Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

In her 1924 article,"A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter," Mary Cover Jones reported the successful treatment of a 3-year-old boy with a "home-grown" phobia of rabbits. Name the method that was used by Mary Cover Jones. Describe the principles of her technique. What steps needed to be taken to ensure that the fear of rabbits wouldn't be generalized to pleasant stimuli? What is the variation of her procedure that has been used to treat phobias in adults?

A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing is called a secondary reinforcer.

An unconditioned response is a reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning.

In the late 1800s,G.Stanley Hall conducted a study of anger.One case involved a 3-year-old girl who asked a calm question right in the middle of a tantrum.What did her tantrum illustrate in regard to learning?

Research on reinforcers shows that:

When a stimulus,similar to the conditioned stimulus,fails to evoke the conditioned response,then stimulus discrimination has occurred.

In the "Little Albert" study,the conditioned stimulus was a rat.

The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce maladaptive behavior is called:

A discriminative stimulus may be verbal,such as a sign that reads "Store hours from 9:00 to 5:00."

A variation of the counterconditioning procedure used in the treatment of Peter's fear of rabbits has been used to treat adult phobias.This variation is called:

List six reasons why punishment fails.

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.

Shaping would be the appropriate operant conditioning procedure if the response that you want to reinforce has almost no probability of appearing spontaneously.

When researchers attempted to teach slugs to dislike foods by pairing the food with an unpleasant taste,they found that:

Miranda notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as she starts opening a can of cat food with an electric can opener.In this example,the ________________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Social-cognitive theorists would argue that learning is not so much a change in behavior,as it is a change in knowledge that has the potential for affecting behavior.

Operant conditioning is most closely associated with:

A conditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

Food and water would be examples of:

The neutral stimulus becomes a(n)_______________ in classical conditioning.