Exam 7: Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Spontaneous recovery occurs when a learned response reoccurs after its apparent extinction.

During Pavlov's time,techniques for studying the brain's involvement during classical conditioning were vast.

Your dog Milo has learned to salivate at the sight of a food dish.Now,you flash a bright light before you present the food dish.Explain the way that Milo will respond if higher-order conditioning occurs.

Stimulus generalization occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

Harry and Sally want their daughter to begin using her utensils correctly at the dinner table.But they can't reinforce her appropriate behavior because she doesn't ever use her fork and knife appropriately! What conditioning procedures would be useful in this situation.Briefly describe how Harry and Sally might behave in order to reinforce their goal in this example.

The tendency of a response to occur in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of another similar stimulus is called:

An unconditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

B.F.Skinner maintained that we can study private,internal events by observing our own sensory responses,the verbal reports of others,and the conditions under which such events occur.

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of canine subjects and they began to salivate.His student noticed that after being brought to the laboratory a number of times,the dogs would begin to salivate at the sound of the person's footsteps.The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a/an:

The evidence in regard to media violence suggests that:

"That is my opinion and nothing you say is going to change it!" In our first chapter,What Is Psychology? one of the critical thinking guidelines that we learned about was "Examine the Evidence." Is your opinion supported by evidence? How reliable is this evidence? Did the evidence come from a reliable source? In Chapter Seven,Learning and Conditioning,we read that many people assume that fines,long prison terms,yelling,and spanking are good ways to get rid of undesirable behaviors.What does the evidence show? When does punishment work? What six drawbacks often lead punishment to fail?

If you want to train a hamster to pick up a marble:

A common error that people make is to reward on an intermittent basis the very responses that they would like to eliminate.In general,how long have pigeons,rats,and people on intermittent schedules of reinforcement responded in the laboratory before throwing in the towel? Create an example that illustrates this type of error and that explains the consequences that could occur.

When applying punishment,all of the following guidelines should be used EXCEPT:

A recent study mentioned in your text found that students demonstrated more violence in a video game after reading a violent passage from the Bible.

Although the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to learning differ in emphasis,they share a fundamental optimism about the possibilities of change for individuals and societies.

When Pavlov realized that his dogs were salivating to things other than food,he called the phenomenon:

When 4-year-old Aileen goes to the store with her dad and whines for candy at the checkout,she gets the candy.But when she goes with her mom,whining never ends up getting her a candy.Before long,Aileen only whines when she is at the store with her dad.This is called:

Edward Tolman and his colleague,C.H.Honzik,noted that _______________ is not immediately expressed in an overt response.

Intermittent reinforcement results in: