Question 1

Operant conditioning occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov was studying:

Accepted Answer

A) salivation in dogs. 
B) heart valves in pigs. 
C) heart rhythms in horses. 
D) brain waves in humans. 
A) salivation in dogs. 
B) heart valves in pigs. 
C) heart rhythms in horses. 
D) brain waves in humans.

Question 3

How have classical conditioning procedures been used to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 4

When one is first acquiring a response,learning is usually most rapid under a continuous reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The acquisition of a conditioning of fear appears to involve a receptor in the:

Accepted Answer

A) frontal lobe. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) amygdala. 
D) olfactory gland. 
A) frontal lobe. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) amygdala. 
D) olfactory gland.

Question 6

In operant conditioning,_______________ occurs when a reinforcer is removed.

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition 
B) extinction 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination 
A) acquisition 
B) extinction 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination

Question 7

In Chapter Seven,Learning and Conditioning,we read about the problems Keller and Marian Breland encountered when they ignored biological constraints by trying to condition pigs to drop large wooden coins in a box.The Brelands realized that the pig's rooting instinct,using its snout to uncover and dig up edible roots,was keeping it from learning the task.People are also influenced by the evolutionary history of our human species.Integrate the information learned in Chapter Three,Genes,Evolution,and Environment,with information about operant and classical conditioning.In your essay,include a discussion of language.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 8

Extrinsic rewards can sometimes reduce the intrinsic pleasure of an activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is actually learned in classical conditioning? The answer varies depending on the theorist's approach. F1F1F1S1F1F1F10What is actually learned in classical conditioning according to the traditional Pavlovian approach? F1F1F1S1F1F1F10What is actually learned in classical conditioning according to many contemporary psychologists? F1F1F1S1F1F1F10How has the imaginative research of Robert Rescorla supported the contemporary view? Describe the support for the contemporary view using the example in the textbook about the employee receiving telephone calls with disastrous outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 10

After a response has become reliable,it will be more resistant to extinction:

Accepted Answer

A) on an intermittent reinforcement schedule. 
B) if you always reinforce each particular response. 
C) on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
D) if no obvious reinforcer is present. 
A) on an intermittent reinforcement schedule. 
B) if you always reinforce each particular response. 
C) on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
D) if no obvious reinforcer is present.

Question 11

B.F.Skinner,in the late 1800s,set the stage for operant conditioning procedures when he observed cats as they tried to escape from a puzzle box to get a scrap of fish.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Nursery school children were shown a film of two men,Johnny and Rocky,playing with toys.When Johnny wouldn't share,Rocky clobbered him,marching off with all the toys in a sack.What did one-way mirror observations afterwards show about the behavior of children who had viewed this film compared to those who had not?

Accepted Answer

A) The children who had seen the film behaved more aggressively with toys and sometimes showed almost exact imitations of Rocky. 
B) The children who had seen the film gathered toys together and asked where Johnny went so he could have some toys again. 
C) The children who had seen the film were afraid to touch any of the toys for fear Rocky would come in and clobber them. 
D) The children did not differ from one another in their play with the toys or in other behaviors. 
A) The children who had seen the film behaved more aggressively with toys and sometimes showed almost exact imitations of Rocky. 
B) The children who had seen the film gathered toys together and asked where Johnny went so he could have some toys again. 
C) The children who had seen the film were afraid to touch any of the toys for fear Rocky would come in and clobber them. 
D) The children did not differ from one another in their play with the toys or in other behaviors.

Question 13

Contemporary psychologists have suggested that what an animal or person actually learns in classical conditioning is:

Accepted Answer

A) an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. 
B) a temporal association between one stimulus and another. 
C) successive approximations of the desired conditioned response. 
D) information conveyed by one stimulus about another. 
A) an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. 
B) a temporal association between one stimulus and another. 
C) successive approximations of the desired conditioned response. 
D) information conveyed by one stimulus about another.

Question 14

A negative reinforcer makes a response more likely to reoccur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation concerning effective use of behavior modification?

Accepted Answer

A) Accentuate the positive. 
B) Reinforce only major improvements. 
C) Find the right reinforcement. 
D) Be careful not to reinforce undesirable behavior. 
A) Accentuate the positive. 
B) Reinforce only major improvements. 
C) Find the right reinforcement. 
D) Be careful not to reinforce undesirable behavior.

Question 16

Tolman's research suggested that learning involves cognitive changes that can occur in the absence of reinforcement and that these cognitive changes may not be acted upon until a reinforcer becomes available.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In Skinner's final days,he never wavered in his determination to use learning principles to :

Accepted Answer

A) obtain higher grades for school children. 
B) design better animal acts. 
C) fashion better,healthier environments. 
D) teach stronger discipline techniques. 
A) obtain higher grades for school children. 
B) design better animal acts. 
C) fashion better,healthier environments. 
D) teach stronger discipline techniques.

Question 18

Describe the way that John Watson used classical conditioning procedures to explain how an individual learns to love another person.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 19

A reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning is called an unconditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

After a response has become reliable,it will be more easily extinguished:

Accepted Answer

A) on a fixed schedule for a certain number of responses. 
B) on a fixed schedule after a certain amount of time. 
C) on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
D) on a schedule that varies around an average number of responses. 
A) on a fixed schedule for a certain number of responses. 
B) on a fixed schedule after a certain amount of time. 
C) on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
D) on a schedule that varies around an average number of responses.

Exam 7: Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Operant conditioning occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

The Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov was studying:

How have classical conditioning procedures been used to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock?

When one is first acquiring a response,learning is usually most rapid under a continuous reinforcement schedule.

The acquisition of a conditioning of fear appears to involve a receptor in the:

In operant conditioning,_______________ occurs when a reinforcer is removed.

Extrinsic rewards can sometimes reduce the intrinsic pleasure of an activity.

After a response has become reliable,it will be more resistant to extinction:

B.F.Skinner,in the late 1800s,set the stage for operant conditioning procedures when he observed cats as they tried to escape from a puzzle box to get a scrap of fish.

Contemporary psychologists have suggested that what an animal or person actually learns in classical conditioning is:

A negative reinforcer makes a response more likely to reoccur.

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation concerning effective use of behavior modification?

Tolman's research suggested that learning involves cognitive changes that can occur in the absence of reinforcement and that these cognitive changes may not be acted upon until a reinforcer becomes available.

In Skinner's final days,he never wavered in his determination to use learning principles to :

Describe the way that John Watson used classical conditioning procedures to explain how an individual learns to love another person.

A reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning is called an unconditioned response.

After a response has become reliable,it will be more easily extinguished:

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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