Exam 3: Modeling With First-Order Differential Equations

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The solution of the logistic equation dPdt=P(82P)\frac { d P } { d t } = P ( 8 - 2 P ) with initial condition P(0)=2P ( 0 ) = 2 is

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E

The half-life of plutonium 239 is 24,200 years. Assume that the decay rate is proportional to the amount. An initial amount of 3 grams of radium would decay to 2 grams in approximately

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B

In the previous problem, the solution of the initial value problem is

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C

An object is taken out of a 21C21 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } room and placed outside where the temperature is 4C4 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } room. Twenty-five minutes later the temperature is 17C17 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } . It cools according to Newton's Law. The temperature of the object after one hour is

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In the previous problem, how much of X, Y, and Z are left after a long period of time?

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A tank contains 200 gallons of water in which 300 grams of salt is dissolved. A brine solution containing 0.4 kilograms of salt per gallon of water is pumped into the tank at the rate of 5 liters per minute, and the well-stirred mixture is pumped out at the same rate. Let A(t)A ( t ) represent the amount of salt in the tank at time t. The correct initial value problem for A(t)A ( t ) is

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In the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model dxdt=ax+bxy,dydt=eycxy\frac { d x } { d t } = - a x + b x y , \frac { d y } { d t } = e y - c x y , where x(t)x ( t ) is the predator population and y(t)y ( t ) is the prey population, the coefficient c represents which of the following:

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The population of a certain town doubles in 14 years. How long will it take for the population to triple? Assume that the rate of increase of the population is proportional to the population.

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In the logistic model for population growth, dPdt=P(123P)\frac { d P } { d t } = P ( 12 - 3 P ) , what is the carrying capacity of the population P(t)P ( t ) ?

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In the logistic model for population growth, dPdt=P(82P)\frac { d P } { d t } = P ( 8 - 2 P ) , the carrying capacity of the population P(t)P ( t ) is

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Tank A contains 80 gallons of water in which 20 pounds of salt has been dissolved. Tank B contains 30 gallons of water in which 5 pounds of salt has been dissolved. A brine mixture with a concentration of 0.5 pounds of salt per gallon of water is pumped into tank A at the rate of 4 gallons per minute. The well-mixed solution is then pumped from tank A to tank B at the rate of 6 gallons per minute. The solution from tank B is also pumped through another pipe into tank A at the rate of 2 gallons per minute, and the solution from tank B is also pumped out of the system at the rate of 4 gallons per minute. The correct differential equations with initial conditions for the amounts, x(t)x ( t ) and y(t)y ( t ) , of salt in tanks A and B, respectively, at time t are

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In the previous problem, the amount of chemical C,X(t)C , X ( t ) , produced by time t is

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The solution of the equation dPdt=P(123P)\frac { d P } { d t } = P ( 12 - 3 P ) with initial condition P(0)=3P ( 0 ) = 3 is

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Radioactive element X decays to element Y with decay constant 0.5- 0.5 . Y, in turn, decays to stable element Z with decay constant 0.1- 0.1 . What is the system of differential equations for the amounts, x(t),y(t),z(t)x ( t ) , y ( t ) , z ( t ) of the elements X, Y, Z, respectively, at time t, if the initial conditions are x(0)=10,y(0)=0,z(0)=0x ( 0 ) = 10 , y ( 0 ) = 0 , z ( 0 ) = 0 .

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In the previous problem, the amount of chemical C,X(t)C , X ( t ) , produced by time t is

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In the competition model dxdt=axbxy,dydt=cydxy\frac { d x } { d t } = a x - b x y , \frac { d y } { d t } = c y - d x y where x(t)x ( t ) and y(t)y ( t ) are the populations of the competing species, moose and deer, respectively, the coefficient d represents which of the following:

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Two chemicals, A and B, are combined, forming chemical C. The rate of the reaction is jointly proportional to the amounts of A and B not yet converted to C. Initially, there are 50 grams of A and 80 grams of B, and, during the reaction, for each two grams of A used up in the conversion, there are three grams of B used up. An experiments shows that 100 grams of C are produced in the first ten minutes. After a long period of time, how much of A and of B remains, and how much of C has been produced?

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In the previous problem, how much salt will there be in the tank after a long period of time?

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A bacteria culture doubles in size in 8 hours. How long will it take for the size to triple? Assume that the rate of increase of the culture is proportional to the size.

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In the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model dxdt=ax+bxy,dydt=eycxy\frac { d x } { d t } = - a x + b x y , \frac { d y } { d t } = e y - c x y , where x(t)x ( t ) is the predator population and y(t)y ( t ) is the prey population, the coefficient e represents which of the following:

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