Question 1

What is working memory,and what are its characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Working memory is a system for holding i

Question 2

Which is NOT a component of the PQ4R method?

Accepted Answer

A)  question 
B)  recite 
C)  review 
D)  rote rehearse 
A)  question 
B)  recite 
C)  review 
D)  rote rehearse

Question 3

Chris and Danielle are participating in a memory study.Both are given identical word lists and are asked to count the number of vowels in each word.However,only Chris is told that there will be a memory test later.When the memory test is given,who will perform better?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both will perform poorly due to the vowel-counting technique. 
B)  Chris.He knew to learn the words for the recall task. 
C)  Danielle.She was not pressured to learn the words for the recall task. 
D)  They will perform equally well. 
A)  Both will perform poorly due to the vowel-counting technique. 
B)  Chris.He knew to learn the words for the recall task. 
C)  Danielle.She was not pressured to learn the words for the recall task. 
D)  They will perform equally well.

Question 4

_____ memory lasts longer than _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Iconic;echoic 
B)  Echoic;iconic 
C)  Iconic;visual sensory 
D)  Visual sensory;iconic 
A)  Iconic;echoic 
B)  Echoic;iconic 
C)  Iconic;visual sensory 
D)  Visual sensory;iconic

Question 5

Which structure in his working-memory construct does Baddeley refer to as an "inner voice" that is used to rehearse verbal information?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phonological loop 
B)  the articulatory loop 
C)  the phonological store 
D)  the central executive 
A)  the phonological loop 
B)  the articulatory loop 
C)  the phonological store 
D)  the central executive

Question 6

Long-term potentiation is one form of learning that does NOT appear to follow a power law.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

_____ processing evokes higher levels of activation than _____ processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Auditory;elaborative 
B)  Auditory;shallow 
C)  Elaborative;shallow 
D)  Shallow;elaborative 
A)  Auditory;elaborative 
B)  Auditory;shallow 
C)  Elaborative;shallow 
D)  Shallow;elaborative

Question 8

Patients with anterograde amnesia cannot recall events that occurred prior to the development of the amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In what way are the hippocampus and the prefrontal regions involved in memory?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus and surrounding structur

Question 10

In Sharot et al.'s (2007)study of flashbulb memories of the 9/11 tragedy,it was determined that the participants who lived closest to the site had enhanced activity in this part of the brain,which helps to facilitate memory encoding,while they were retrieving their memories of the event.

Accepted Answer

A)  the hippocampus 
B)  the basal ganglia 
C)  the angular gyrus 
D)  the amygdala 
A)  the hippocampus 
B)  the basal ganglia 
C)  the angular gyrus 
D)  the amygdala

Question 11

Material processed elaborately involves _____ brain regions as material processed _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same;shallowly 
B)  the same;auditorily 
C)  different;shallowly 
D)  different;auditorily 
A)  the same;shallowly 
B)  the same;auditorily 
C)  different;shallowly 
D)  different;auditorily

Question 12

The PQ4R method is most effective when studying:

Accepted Answer

A)  literary material. 
B)  mathematics. 
C)  physical sciences. 
D)  social sciences. 
A)  literary material. 
B)  mathematics. 
C)  physical sciences. 
D)  social sciences.

Question 13

Kapur et al.'s (1994)PET study of the processing of words in either a shallow or deep manner demonstrated,among other things,that which region of the brain is activated during deep processing?

Accepted Answer

A)  the inferior parietal lobe 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the left prefrontal cortex 
A)  the inferior parietal lobe 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the thalamus 
D)  the left prefrontal cortex

Question 14

People are able to recall and have vivid memories of traumatic events that happened long ago.This is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the egocentric bias. 
B)  the self-reference effect. 
C)  the self-serving bias. 
D)  flashbulb memory. 
A)  the egocentric bias. 
B)  the self-reference effect. 
C)  the self-serving bias. 
D)  flashbulb memory.

Question 15

According to Baddeley,the articulatory loop of his working-memory structure can hold information for a maximum of _____ seconds.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  8 
C)  20 
D)  90 
A)  2 
B)  8 
C)  20 
D)  90

Question 16

Hyde and Jenkins's (1973)list-learning experiment showed which pattern of results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The type of encoding task is important,but intentionality is not. 
B)  Both the type of encoding task and intentionality are important. 
C)  Neither the type of encoding task nor intentionality is important. 
D)  The type of encoding task is not important,but intentionality is. 
A)  The type of encoding task is important,but intentionality is not. 
B)  Both the type of encoding task and intentionality are important. 
C)  Neither the type of encoding task nor intentionality is important. 
D)  The type of encoding task is not important,but intentionality is.

Question 17

The _____ structures of the brain are involved in the permanent storage of memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal 
B)  parietal 
C)  temporal 
D)  occipital 
A)  frontal 
B)  parietal 
C)  temporal 
D)  occipital

Question 18

Which was NOT an assumption of the classical short-term memory theory espoused by Atkinson and Shiffrin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Short-term memory has limited capacity. 
B)  Short-term memory works only with attended information. 
C)  Short-term memory constructs an analog of the external experience to transfer to the long-term store. 
D)  Short-term memory transfers information to the long-term store through some type of rehearsal process. 
A)  Short-term memory has limited capacity. 
B)  Short-term memory works only with attended information. 
C)  Short-term memory constructs an analog of the external experience to transfer to the long-term store. 
D)  Short-term memory transfers information to the long-term store through some type of rehearsal process.

Question 19

Spreading activation is a term used in memory research to describe the synchronous nature of sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which statement is NOT an appropriate interpretation of the Stein and Bransford study of self-generated elaborations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Externally supplied precise elaborations are more helpful than self-generated imprecise elaborations. 
B)  Externally generated elaborations to aid memory generally work much better than self-generated elaborations. 
C)  The issue is not self-generated versus other-generated elaborations,but the precision of the elaborations. 
D)  Recall will be inferior if the elaborations are imprecise. 
A)  Externally supplied precise elaborations are more helpful than self-generated imprecise elaborations. 
B)  Externally generated elaborations to aid memory generally work much better than self-generated elaborations. 
C)  The issue is not self-generated versus other-generated elaborations,but the precision of the elaborations. 
D)  Recall will be inferior if the elaborations are imprecise.

What is working memory,and what are its characteristics?

Which is NOT a component of the PQ4R method?

Chris and Danielle are participating in a memory study.Both are given identical word lists and are asked to count the number of vowels in each word.However,only Chris is told that there will be a memory test later.When the memory test is given,who will perform better?

_ memory lasts longer than _ memory.

Which structure in his working-memory construct does Baddeley refer to as an "inner voice" that is used to rehearse verbal information?

Long-term potentiation is one form of learning that does NOT appear to follow a power law.

_ processing evokes higher levels of activation than _ processing.

Patients with anterograde amnesia cannot recall events that occurred prior to the development of the amnesia.

In what way are the hippocampus and the prefrontal regions involved in memory?

In Sharot et al.'s (2007)study of flashbulb memories of the 9/11 tragedy,it was determined that the participants who lived closest to the site had enhanced activity in this part of the brain,which helps to facilitate memory encoding,while they were retrieving their memories of the event.

Material processed elaborately involves _ brain regions as material processed _.

The PQ4R method is most effective when studying:

Kapur et al.'s (1994)PET study of the processing of words in either a shallow or deep manner demonstrated,among other things,that which region of the brain is activated during deep processing?

People are able to recall and have vivid memories of traumatic events that happened long ago.This is called:

According to Baddeley,the articulatory loop of his working-memory structure can hold information for a maximum of _____ seconds.

Hyde and Jenkins's (1973)list-learning experiment showed which pattern of results?

The _____ structures of the brain are involved in the permanent storage of memories.

Which was NOT an assumption of the classical short-term memory theory espoused by Atkinson and Shiffrin?

Spreading activation is a term used in memory research to describe the synchronous nature of sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory.

Which statement is NOT an appropriate interpretation of the Stein and Bransford study of self-generated elaborations?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Exam 6: Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

What is working memory,and what are its characteristics?

Which is NOT a component of the PQ4R method?

Chris and Danielle are participating in a memory study.Both are given identical word lists and are asked to count the number of vowels in each word.However,only Chris is told that there will be a memory test later.When the memory test is given,who will perform better?

_____ memory lasts longer than _____ memory.

Which structure in his working-memory construct does Baddeley refer to as an "inner voice" that is used to rehearse verbal information?

Long-term potentiation is one form of learning that does NOT appear to follow a power law.

_____ processing evokes higher levels of activation than _____ processing.

Patients with anterograde amnesia cannot recall events that occurred prior to the development of the amnesia.

In what way are the hippocampus and the prefrontal regions involved in memory?

In Sharot et al.'s (2007)study of flashbulb memories of the 9/11 tragedy,it was determined that the participants who lived closest to the site had enhanced activity in this part of the brain,which helps to facilitate memory encoding,while they were retrieving their memories of the event.

Material processed elaborately involves _____ brain regions as material processed _____.

The PQ4R method is most effective when studying:

Kapur et al.'s (1994)PET study of the processing of words in either a shallow or deep manner demonstrated,among other things,that which region of the brain is activated during deep processing?

People are able to recall and have vivid memories of traumatic events that happened long ago.This is called:

According to Baddeley,the articulatory loop of his working-memory structure can hold information for a maximum of _____ seconds.

Hyde and Jenkins's (1973)list-learning experiment showed which pattern of results?

The _____ structures of the brain are involved in the permanent storage of memories.

Which was NOT an assumption of the classical short-term memory theory espoused by Atkinson and Shiffrin?

Spreading activation is a term used in memory research to describe the synchronous nature of sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory.

Which statement is NOT an appropriate interpretation of the Stein and Bransford study of self-generated elaborations?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

_ memory lasts longer than _ memory.

_ processing evokes higher levels of activation than _ processing.

Material processed elaborately involves _ brain regions as material processed _.