Question 1

Which element, by the number of atoms, is least abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) calcium 
C) potassium 
D) magnesium 
E) nitrogen 
A) sodium 
B) calcium 
C) potassium 
D) magnesium 
E) nitrogen

Question 2

Calcium is a major essential element in the human body. What is the dominant role played by calcium?

Accepted Answer

Bones and teeth are

Question 3

Copper is a trace metal in the human body with a typical concentration of 110 mg in 75 kg of body mass. What is this concentration in units of parts per million (ppm)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F106 ppm 
B) 1.5 ppm 
C) 1.1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F105 ppm 
D) 1.1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F107 ppm 
E) 150 ppm 
A) 1.5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F106 ppm 
B) 1.5 ppm 
C) 1.1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F105 ppm 
D) 1.1 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F107 ppm 
E) 150 ppm

Question 4

Vanadium is an ultratrace metal in the human body with a typical concentration of approximately 17 ng/g body mass. How many milligrams of V are there in a person weighing 185 lb? 1 lb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 454 g

Accepted Answer

A) 1.43F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F102 mg 
B) 1.43 mg 
C) 143 mg 
D) 1430 mg 
E) 14,300 mg 
A) 1.43F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F102 mg 
B) 1.43 mg 
C) 143 mg 
D) 1430 mg 
E) 14,300 mg

Question 5

Urea is a waste product produced when the body metabolizes protein. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in urea, (NH2)2CO?

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103) 
C) 1 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F104) 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103) 
C) 1 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F104)

Question 6

Enzymes in plants convert nitrate into ammonia. The unbalanced half-reaction equation is given below. What is the stoichiometric coefficient of water in the balanced reaction equation?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 7

Plants react urea with water to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. This reaction is an example of a ________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) Redox 
B) metathesis 
C) hydrolysis 
D) combustion 
E) precipitation 
A) Redox 
B) metathesis 
C) hydrolysis 
D) combustion 
E) precipitation

Question 8

A patient is injected with a 5.0 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10M solution of gallium citrate containing radioactive gallium-68 for a PET study. The half-life of gallium-68 is 9.4 hr. How long does it take for the activity of this isotope to drop to 1% of its initial value?

Accepted Answer

A) 18 hr 
B) 25 hr 
C) 32 hr 
D) 41 hr 
E) 62 hr 
A) 18 hr 
B) 25 hr 
C) 32 hr 
D) 41 hr 
E) 62 hr

Question 9

Enzymes in plants convert nitrate into ammonia. The unbalanced half-reaction equation is given below. What is the change in oxidation number of nitrogen in this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F105) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103) 
A) 0 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F105) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F103)

Question 10

Rhenium-186 has medical applications. It decays by F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 emission. What isotope is formed from this decay?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 11

Selenium is an ultratrace element that is essential for life. It is used in the synthesis of ________, which is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) selenocysteine; a lipid 
B) cysteine; an amino acid 
C) selenocysteine; an amino acid 
D) selenocysteine; a fatty acid 
E) selenothymine; a nucleic acid base 
A) selenocysteine; a lipid 
B) cysteine; an amino acid 
C) selenocysteine; an amino acid 
D) selenocysteine; a fatty acid 
E) selenothymine; a nucleic acid base

Question 12

Hearing aid batteries utilize a zinc/air electrochemical cell. The reduction half-reactions and standard reduction potentials for this cell are given below. What is the standard cell potential of a zinc/air cell?   F1F1F1S1F1F1F101.249 V   F1F1F1S1F1F1F100.401 V

Accepted Answer

A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F100.848 V) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101.500 V) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F100.848 V) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101.650 V) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101.650 V) 
A) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F100.848 V) 
B) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101.500 V) 
C) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F100.848 V) 
D) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101.650 V) 
E) (F1F1F1S1F1F1F101.650 V)

Question 13

Tooth enamel is composed of the calcium compound called ________

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophilite. 
B) apatite. 
C) hydroxyapatite. 
D) calcite. 
E) andradite. 
A) hydrophilite. 
B) apatite. 
C) hydroxyapatite. 
D) calcite. 
E) andradite.

Question 14

Cell membranes assemble ________

Accepted Answer

A) to orient nonpolar fatty acid chains toward the interior of the cell. 
B) as a bilayer with the nonpolar portion of the bilayer on the membrane exterior. 
C) to orient polar head groups toward the interior and exterior of the cell. 
D) based on electrostatic attractions between phospholipid molecules. 
E) with polar head groups located within the interior of the membrane. 
A) to orient nonpolar fatty acid chains toward the interior of the cell. 
B) as a bilayer with the nonpolar portion of the bilayer on the membrane exterior. 
C) to orient polar head groups toward the interior and exterior of the cell. 
D) based on electrostatic attractions between phospholipid molecules. 
E) with polar head groups located within the interior of the membrane.

Question 15

Which metal, by either mass or number of atoms, is most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) K 
B) Na 
C) Mg 
D) Al 
E) Ca 
A) K 
B) Na 
C) Mg 
D) Al 
E) Ca

Question 16

Different concentrations of ions on either side of a cell membrane constitute a concentration cell, which is described by the Nernst equation given below. A cell must expend energy to maintain this concentration gradient by moving ions from one side of the membrane to the other. How much energy must be expended to transport 1 mole of sodium ions across a membrane when the sodium ion concentration is 0.10 M on one side of the membrane and 0.010 M on the other side, and the temperature is 37F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C (body temperature)? (Given:   ,F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10    F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F102.71 V; F F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 96,485 C; 1 J F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1 C V; R F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 8.315 J / (mol K))
E F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 EF1F1F1S1F1F1F10 -   InQ

Accepted Answer

A) 50 kJ 
B) 260 kJ 
C) 6.0 kJ 
D) 250 kJ 
E) 6,000 kJ 
A) 50 kJ 
B) 260 kJ 
C) 6.0 kJ 
D) 250 kJ 
E) 6,000 kJ

Which element, by the number of atoms, is least abundant in the human body?

Calcium is a major essential element in the human body. What is the dominant role played by calcium?

Copper is a trace metal in the human body with a typical concentration of 110 mg in 75 kg of body mass. What is this concentration in units of parts per million (ppm)?

Vanadium is an ultratrace metal in the human body with a typical concentration of approximately 17 ng/g body mass. How many milligrams of V are there in a person weighing 185 lb? 1 lb  454 g

Urea is a waste product produced when the body metabolizes protein. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in urea, (NH₂)₂CO?

Enzymes in plants convert nitrate into ammonia. The unbalanced half-reaction equation is given below. What is the stoichiometric coefficient of water in the balanced reaction equation?

Plants react urea with water to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. This reaction is an example of a ________ reaction.

A patient is injected with a 5.0 M solution of gallium citrate containing radioactive gallium-68 for a PET study. The half-life of gallium-68 is 9.4 hr. How long does it take for the activity of this isotope to drop to 1% of its initial value?

Enzymes in plants convert nitrate into ammonia. The unbalanced half-reaction equation is given below. What is the change in oxidation number of nitrogen in this reaction?

Rhenium-186 has medical applications. It decays by  emission. What isotope is formed from this decay?

Selenium is an ultratrace element that is essential for life. It is used in the synthesis of , which is .

Hearing aid batteries utilize a zinc/air electrochemical cell. The reduction half-reactions and standard reduction potentials for this cell are given below. What is the standard cell potential of a zinc/air cell? 1.249 V 0.401 V

Tooth enamel is composed of the calcium compound called ________

Cell membranes assemble ________

Which metal, by either mass or number of atoms, is most abundant in the human body?

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

Exam 21: The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table

Which element, by the number of atoms, is least abundant in the human body?

Calcium is a major essential element in the human body. What is the dominant role played by calcium?

Copper is a trace metal in the human body with a typical concentration of 110 mg in 75 kg of body mass. What is this concentration in units of parts per million (ppm)?

Vanadium is an ultratrace metal in the human body with a typical concentration of approximately 17 ng/g body mass. How many milligrams of V are there in a person weighing 185 lb? 1 lb  454 g

Urea is a waste product produced when the body metabolizes protein. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in urea, (NH2)2CO?

Enzymes in plants convert nitrate into ammonia. The unbalanced half-reaction equation is given below. What is the stoichiometric coefficient of water in the balanced reaction equation?

Plants react urea with water to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. This reaction is an example of a ________ reaction.

A patient is injected with a 5.0 M solution of gallium citrate containing radioactive gallium-68 for a PET study. The half-life of gallium-68 is 9.4 hr. How long does it take for the activity of this isotope to drop to 1% of its initial value?

Enzymes in plants convert nitrate into ammonia. The unbalanced half-reaction equation is given below. What is the change in oxidation number of nitrogen in this reaction?

Rhenium-186 has medical applications. It decays by  emission. What isotope is formed from this decay?

Selenium is an ultratrace element that is essential for life. It is used in the synthesis of ________, which is ________.

Hearing aid batteries utilize a zinc/air electrochemical cell. The reduction half-reactions and standard reduction potentials for this cell are given below. What is the standard cell potential of a zinc/air cell? 1.249 V 0.401 V

Tooth enamel is composed of the calcium compound called ________

Cell membranes assemble ________

Which metal, by either mass or number of atoms, is most abundant in the human body?

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Solids: Crystals, Alloys, and Polymers

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Atmosphere

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acidbase Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy

Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Organic and Biological Molecules: the Compounds of Life

Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

Urea is a waste product produced when the body metabolizes protein. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in urea, (NH₂)₂CO?

Selenium is an ultratrace element that is essential for life. It is used in the synthesis of , which is .