Exam 9: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

The results of a one-way ANOVA suggest that the participants' fear response was differentially effected depending on their respective condition: spiders (M = 44; SD = 4.20), snakes (M = 62; SD = 7.1), and dogs (M = 21; SD = 2.20). There was a significant difference F (2, 92) = .67, p = .03. Based on this information what was the standard deviation for the dog fear condition?

Which of the following refers to when the participant actively attempts to identify the purpose of a research study?

Dion is interested in study individual's affinity for warm weather. He decides to sample residents of Miami, Florida, and randomly selects individuals on the beach to complete his survey. Dion's study most likely suffers from:

A 2008 study examining the experience of physical warmth on the promotion of interpersonal warmth found:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Black, J. E., Isaacs, K. R., Anderson, B. J., Alcantara, A. A. & Greenough, W. T. (1990). Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 87, 5568-5572. Experience and Brain Plasticity Study The purpose of this study was to examine how various types of motor experiences affect neuronal and vascular changes in the brain. To that end, rats were randomly assigned to one of four behavioral conditions. Rats in the inactive control (IC) condition were raised in standard rat cages with minimal access to physical activity. Rats in the voluntary exercise (VX) condition were raised in standard cages with free access to physical activity via an attached wheel. Rats in the forced exercise (FX) condition also participated in exercise, but were forced to do so on a motorized treadmill. Lastly, rats in the acrobatic condition (AC) engaged in physical activity that included learning a skill. Specifically, the AC rats were trained to traverse a series of tightropes that were progressively more difficult. After 30 days in their respective treatments all of the rats were sacrificed and their brains removed. The researchers examined the brains for synapse density and vascular density. ANOVA revealed animals in the AC condition had a significantly greater synapse density than the other treatment conditions. The results also revealed that the VX rats had a significantly greater blood vessel density compared with the IC rats, but not with the FX and AC rats. These results indicate different behavioral experiences have different effects on the brain's morphology. -(Scenario II) According to Scenario II, Black and colleagues used an ANOVA to analyze their data. Of the statements below, which would the ANOVA be able to support?

In a 2008 study examining the cognitive benefits of interacting with nature it was found that:

What are the differences between post-hoc tests and planned contrasts?

Which of the following is a results write-up for a chi-square test of independence?

_____ are tests that examine all of the possible combinations of conditions in a way that statistically accounts for the fact that we did not predict them ahead of time.

Dr. Henries decided that it would be too difficult and costly to assess all bilingual students among three states receiving federal funding for bilingual studies. Dr. Henries serves as an advisor to the bilingual club on campus as well as advisor to the foreign-language students. Dr. Henries's most cost efficient and timely option for sampling would be:

_____ is a statistical test researchers use to look for potential differences that they did not anticipate or predict prior to the study.

Self-report measures could unintentionally introduce all of the following into a study, EXCEPT:

Dr. Nixon noted the following results: $\chi$ ²(6, N= 422) = 10.72, p = .001, ᶲ = .20. Which of the following numbers represents the significance level in this results write-up?

Seymour is having difficulty writing up his first results section. He needs to note the reliability of the measure used in his study, but is not clear on which symbol represents Cronbach's alpha. Which is the appropriate symbol for Seymour to use?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario III Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Duran, J., Morton, G. & Sikorski, A.M. Poster No. 31. Elucidating the relative concentration of physical activity to memory consolidation and memory retrieval. Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience Meeting. San Diego, CA: FUN 2010 Exercise and Memory Study These researchers examined whether acute physical activity could improve the memory retention of recently studied items, and whether memory was differentially affected by the timing of exercise intervention. After studying a list of 40 English-Swahili word pairs, healthy adult human volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. Participants in the consolidation treatment (CONS) exercised for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes. Participants in the retrieval condition (RET) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then exercised for 20 minutes. Participants in the control condition (CONT) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 40 minutes after studying the word pairs. . In all conditions, participants were tested 40 minutes following the initial study phase. the test phase consisted of presenting the participants with Swahili words and asking them to speak its English translation. Memory was operationally defined by the total number of correctly recalled Swahili words. The results revealed that participants who had exercised immediately after studying the Swahili-English word pairs recalled significantly more words than those in the RET or CONT conditions. These results suggest that acute exercise immediately following learning modulates memory consolidation. -(Scenario III) In order to conclude that the CONS treatment produced better memory relative to the RET and CONT treatments, the authors of Scenario III must have:

When conducting a study using multiple groups it is best to have at least _____ per condition for adequate power.

In an experiment studying caffeine intoxication, which of the following would be considered a placebo?

Jayna recently participated in a study at the local university hospital. As she was waiting in the study's waiting room the staff approached her and apologized for the temperature in the room. She was informed that the temperature of the waiting room would continue to increase because the thermostat was broken and scheduled to be fixed later that week. Researchers provided her with cold beverages and warm beverages as she waited and had her complete some measures while she was waiting to be called. Little did Jayna know that she was already part of the study. There was nothing wrong with the waiting room's temperature and researchers monitored the numbers of beverages she drank and found that she only had cold beverages and noted multiple times how hot and uncomfortable the room was. Jayna was most likely in the:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Black, J. E., Isaacs, K. R., Anderson, B. J., Alcantara, A. A. & Greenough, W. T. (1990). Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 87, 5568-5572. Experience and Brain Plasticity Study The purpose of this study was to examine how various types of motor experiences affect neuronal and vascular changes in the brain. To that end, rats were randomly assigned to one of four behavioral conditions. Rats in the inactive control (IC) condition were raised in standard rat cages with minimal access to physical activity. Rats in the voluntary exercise (VX) condition were raised in standard cages with free access to physical activity via an attached wheel. Rats in the forced exercise (FX) condition also participated in exercise, but were forced to do so on a motorized treadmill. Lastly, rats in the acrobatic condition (AC) engaged in physical activity that included learning a skill. Specifically, the AC rats were trained to traverse a series of tightropes that were progressively more difficult. After 30 days in their respective treatments all of the rats were sacrificed and their brains removed. The researchers examined the brains for synapse density and vascular density. ANOVA revealed animals in the AC condition had a significantly greater synapse density than the other treatment conditions. The results also revealed that the VX rats had a significantly greater blood vessel density compared with the IC rats, but not with the FX and AC rats. These results indicate different behavioral experiences have different effects on the brain's morphology. -(Scenario II) In Scenario II, experience was operationally defined as:

Dr. Stallworth is developing a new research study and needs to determine the number of participants necessary to achieve adequate power. Dr. Stallworth currently has theorized four experimental conditions in this multigroup design. What is the minimum number of participants Dr. Stallworth would need to yield adequate power?