Exam 9: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Ricardo develops a research study to help answer his research question: Do individuals in the northeast part of the United States have a different dialect than individuals in the southern part of the United States? He interviews individuals from Louisiana and Mississippi as well as from Maine and New Hampshire. He is interested in studying their dialects. He interviews 30 individuals in each of two age groups: 15-30 years of age and 31-75 years of age. He has all participants read and record a preselected passage three times. He then codes their dialects based on a coding system and has two other researchers code the dialects as well. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the dependent variable (DV)?

Linn is developing a research study wants to include a group in his study that only completes the depression questionnaire and alcohol use questionnaire and does not receive any of the experimental manipulations. Linn is thinking about implementing a(n):

To determine if food allergies influences participants' taste pallet, researchers conducted a chi-square test of independence between conditions . Based on this information what was the effect size for this study?

Which of the following would NOT be helpful in reducing social desirability bias in participant responding?

Describe a research study that would benefit from using methodological pluralism.

To determine if food allergies influences participants' taste pallet, researchers conducted a chi-square test of independence between conditions . Based on this information what is the chi-square score for the overall study comparing all conditions for this study?

A 2010 study examining whether clean scents promote reciprocity and charity found:

_____ is an experimental strategy with implementation of three or more groups.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario III Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Duran, J., Morton, G. & Sikorski, A.M. Poster No. 31. Elucidating the relative concentration of physical activity to memory consolidation and memory retrieval. Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience Meeting. San Diego, CA: FUN 2010 Exercise and Memory Study These researchers examined whether acute physical activity could improve the memory retention of recently studied items, and whether memory was differentially affected by the timing of exercise intervention. After studying a list of 40 English-Swahili word pairs, healthy adult human volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. Participants in the consolidation treatment (CONS) exercised for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes. Participants in the retrieval condition (RET) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then exercised for 20 minutes. Participants in the control condition (CONT) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 40 minutes after studying the word pairs. . In all conditions, participants were tested 40 minutes following the initial study phase. the test phase consisted of presenting the participants with Swahili words and asking them to speak its English translation. Memory was operationally defined by the total number of correctly recalled Swahili words. The results revealed that participants who had exercised immediately after studying the Swahili-English word pairs recalled significantly more words than those in the RET or CONT conditions. These results suggest that acute exercise immediately following learning modulates memory consolidation. -(Scenario III) Amber was a participant in this study who was tested in the control condition. Her classmate, Jeff, also participated in the study but was tested in the RET condition. After sharing their experiences with each other they determined that the study was probably about college students' ability to learn a foreign language. Amber and Jeff are engaging in:

Ramona includes multiple distractor questions in the questionnaire she is developing about relationship satisfaction. These distractor questions are to help counteract:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Warner, C. B. & Jackson, J. D. (2009). A time course examination of the preview effect: older adults need a longer preview than younger adults. Experimental Aging Research, 35, 327-347. Preview Time and Aging The purpose of this experiment was to determine the minimum preview time required for adults to make a fast perceptual decision. Young adults and older adults were presented visual stimuli for 357, 414, 471, 529 or 586 milliseconds (ms). Knowing that older adults are more sensitive to cool temperatures, the researchers increased the temperature of the room to 75 degrees for the older adults (the temperature of the room for younger adults was 68 degrees) at the request of the IRB. The visual stimulus was presented on a computer monitor and contained several letter Ls rotated at various degrees. After the preview stimulus the participants were shown the test stimulus. This contained the Ls in the preview, as well as several additional Ls and one letter T. The participants were instructed to locate the "T" and were given 5.5 seconds to do so. This procedure was repeated several times such that each participant received 360 trials. The results indicated that younger adults located the T more quickly than the older adults regardless of preview time. Among the younger adults, preview time significantly affected their ability to locate the T. Specifically, they were more quickly able to identify the T when the preview time was 414 ms or 586 ms. The results indicate that preview time significantly affects perceptual discrimination and are illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1. Participants responded significantly faster to visual stimuli when they were given 529 ms or 589 ms to preview the stimuli. -(Scenario I) The presentation duration of the visual stimulus was a(n) _____ in Scenario I.

Develop a research question examining interpersonal skills and clearly define the independent variable and dependent variable.

Write up a results section for a one-way ANOVA given this information: Ninety-two participants were divided among three conditions of beverage types, ratings of pleasure were conducted and ranged from 1 (no pleasure) to 10 (extreme pleasure). The mean rating of pleasure for the carbonated beverage condition was 8.2 with a standard deviation of 1.4. The mean rating of pleasure for the water condition was 5.0 with a standard deviation of .32. The mean rating of pleasure for the alcoholic beverage condition was 8.4 with a standard deviation of 1.7. Assume there is a statistical difference among conditions. You will need to fabricate the rest of the data to write a full results section for this data.

Prior to completing any statistical analyses regarding a study's hypotheses it is important to calculate the _____ for each scale used.

When inputting data into statistical software it is important to ensure that the appropriate data is being placed in the correct cells. Dr. Lure's research assistant is unsure of where to place the following value notations: 1 = control group, 2 = stimulant medication, 3 = depressant medication. How should the research assistant include this information?

Dr. Ean wants to determine whether mood responses from participants in different colored rooms were different from one another. He is mostly interested to determine if participants' mood differed in the yellow room compared with both the red and blue rooms as a whole. Dr. Ean is interested in conducting a(n):

If you have a multigroup design with four groups, roughly what is the minimum number of participants you should have for reasonable power in your study?

In a study examining social interaction, which of the following variables would be considered the dependent variable based on this research question: How does the number of close friends a child reports influence his or her social and emotional competency with unfamiliar peers?

A general rule suggests that you should have _____ participants per condition for adequate power.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Black, J. E., Isaacs, K. R., Anderson, B. J., Alcantara, A. A. & Greenough, W. T. (1990). Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 87, 5568-5572. Experience and Brain Plasticity Study The purpose of this study was to examine how various types of motor experiences affect neuronal and vascular changes in the brain. To that end, rats were randomly assigned to one of four behavioral conditions. Rats in the inactive control (IC) condition were raised in standard rat cages with minimal access to physical activity. Rats in the voluntary exercise (VX) condition were raised in standard cages with free access to physical activity via an attached wheel. Rats in the forced exercise (FX) condition also participated in exercise, but were forced to do so on a motorized treadmill. Lastly, rats in the acrobatic condition (AC) engaged in physical activity that included learning a skill. Specifically, the AC rats were trained to traverse a series of tightropes that were progressively more difficult. After 30 days in their respective treatments all of the rats were sacrificed and their brains removed. The researchers examined the brains for synapse density and vascular density. ANOVA revealed animals in the AC condition had a significantly greater synapse density than the other treatment conditions. The results also revealed that the VX rats had a significantly greater blood vessel density compared with the IC rats, but not with the FX and AC rats. These results indicate different behavioral experiences have different effects on the brain's morphology. -(Scenario II) Which of the following is NOT true of the study described in Scenario II?