Question 1

Dr. Raymond is lecturing on various statistical analyses in class. She notes the definition for exploratory analyses as:

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical tests in which both variables are categorical and determine if the distribution of participants across categories is different than expected. 
B)  statistical tests where researchers look for potential differences that were not predicted prior to the study. 
C)  statistical tests that determine whether responses from the different conditions are essentially the same or whether the responses from at least one of the conditions differ from the others. 
D)  statistical tests that allow a priori decisions to test comparisons between groups predicted ahead of time. 
A)  statistical tests in which both variables are categorical and determine if the distribution of participants across categories is different than expected. 
B)  statistical tests where researchers look for potential differences that were not predicted prior to the study. 
C)  statistical tests that determine whether responses from the different conditions are essentially the same or whether the responses from at least one of the conditions differ from the others. 
D)  statistical tests that allow a priori decisions to test comparisons between groups predicted ahead of time.

Question 2

Ricardo develops a research study to help answer his research question: Do individuals in the northeast part of the United States have a different dialect than individuals in the southern part of the United States? He interviews individuals from Louisiana and Mississippi as well as from Maine and New Hampshire. He is interested in studying their dialects. He interviews 30 individuals in each of two age groups: 15-30 years of age and 31-75 years of age. He has all participants read and record a preselected passage three times. He then codes their dialects based on a coding system and has two other researchers code the dialects as well. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the independent variable (IV)?

Accepted Answer

A)  geographic origin 
B)  gender of participants 
C)  dialect 
D)  coding of responses 
A)  geographic origin 
B)  gender of participants 
C)  dialect 
D)  coding of responses

Question 3

Dr. Crouse made specific predictions in the development phase of his study regarding which comparisons between conditions would yield significant results. Dr. Crouse conducted _____ to produce such data.

Accepted Answer

A)  planned contrasts 
B)  post-hoc analyses 
C)  an independent samples t test 
D)  a paired samples t test 
A)  planned contrasts 
B)  post-hoc analyses 
C)  an independent samples t test 
D)  a paired samples t test

Question 4

The results of a one-way ANOVA suggest that the participants' fear response was differentially effected depending on their respective condition: spiders (M = 44; SD = 4.20), snakes (M = 62; SD = 7.1), and dogs (M = 21; SD = 2.20). There was a significant difference F (2, 92) = .67, p = .03. Based on this information what was the F score?

Accepted Answer

A)  7.1 
B)  4.20 
C)  2.20 
D)  .67 
A)  7.1 
B)  4.20 
C)  2.20 
D)  .67

Question 5

The independent variable (IV) is the variable in a research design that is:

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulated. 
B)  the byproduct. 
C)  the outcome. 
D)  not influencing the outcome. 
A)  manipulated. 
B)  the byproduct. 
C)  the outcome. 
D)  not influencing the outcome.

Question 6

Mr. McGrew is interested in the various types of butterflies throughout the United States. He is most interested in the differences among butterflies with origins in New England, the gulf states, the midwestern states, and the western states. Mr. McGrew is using a:

Accepted Answer

A)  case study design. 
B)  factorial design. 
C)  matched pair design. 
D)  multigroup design. 
A)  case study design. 
B)  factorial design. 
C)  matched pair design. 
D)  multigroup design.

Question 7

Sabina wishes to use multiple strategies including self-report, interview, and a behavioral measure to answer her research question regarding alcohol use among teenagers. Sabina will most likely be employing:

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline measurements. 
B)  methodological pluralism. 
C)  multigroup design. 
D)  planned contrasts. 
A)  baseline measurements. 
B)  methodological pluralism. 
C)  multigroup design. 
D)  planned contrasts.

Question 8

Deandre is new teacher at a local elementary school. He decides to conduct a brief study testing the fifth graders knowledge of science at the beginning of the school year and at the end of the school year. He will randomly assign students to either a "hands-on" science group that does experiments with each lesson plan or to a "video" science group that assigns videos and online tutorials in support of the science lesson plans. Based on this information which of the following would be considered the independent variable (IV)?

Accepted Answer

A)  types of science group 
B)  science knowledge at the beginning of the year 
C)  science knowledge at the end of the year 
D)  age of the fifth graders 
A)  types of science group 
B)  science knowledge at the beginning of the year 
C)  science knowledge at the end of the year 
D)  age of the fifth graders

Question 9

Dr. Balin is interested in studying the association between food preferences among 5-year-old to 55-year-old males and females, specifically examining four different levels of food preferences: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Dr. Balin is likely to find what type of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear relationship 
B)  quadratic function 
C)  polynomial regression 
D)  functional relationship 
A)  linear relationship 
B)  quadratic function 
C)  polynomial regression 
D)  functional relationship

Question 10

Dr. Ross runs a one-way analysis of variance to test whether participant's responses in the spider fear condition were different from participants' responses in both the rat and dog fear conditions as a whole. Dr. Ross found a significant result. Which of the following would be the most accurate results write-up for a one-way ANOVA?

Accepted Answer

A)  F(2, 102) = 4.21, p = .70, eta2 = .30 
B)  F(2, 102) = 4.21, p = .02, eta2 = .30 
C)  d(2, 102) = 4.21, eta2 = .30 
D)  $\Sigma$(2, 102) = 4.21, p = .02 
A)  F(2, 102) = 4.21, p = .70, eta2 = .30 
B)  F(2, 102) = 4.21, p = .02, eta2 = .30 
C)  d(2, 102) = 4.21, eta2 = .30 
D)  $\Sigma$(2, 102) = 4.21, p = .02

Question 11

In a 2008 study investigating whether direct experiences with flooding influence risk perception found:

Accepted Answer

A)  flood victims were not more concerned, more informed, or more motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change. 
B)  flood victims were more concerned, more informed, and more motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change. 
C)  flood victims were less concerned, more informed, and more motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change. 
D)  flood victims were more concerned, but less informed, and motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change. 
A)  flood victims were not more concerned, more informed, or more motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change. 
B)  flood victims were more concerned, more informed, and more motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change. 
C)  flood victims were less concerned, more informed, and more motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change. 
D)  flood victims were more concerned, but less informed, and motivated to engaged in behavior that would help eliminate climate change.

Question 12

Typically, following the completion of a study, participants are ____________ regarding the true purpose of the study.

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefed 
B)  provided informed consent 
C)  informed of the study protocol 
D)  informed of the distractor items 
A)  debriefed 
B)  provided informed consent 
C)  informed of the study protocol 
D)  informed of the distractor items

Question 13

The dependent variable must be _____ in order to conduct an ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

A)  ordinal 
B)  interval 
C)  continuous 
D)  nominal 
A)  ordinal 
B)  interval 
C)  continuous 
D)  nominal

Question 14

It is very common for manipulation check questions to be embedded within the _____ on a follow-up questionnaire.

Accepted Answer

A)  demographic items 
B)  dependent variable items 
C)  distractor items 
D)  informed consent 
A)  demographic items 
B)  dependent variable items 
C)  distractor items 
D)  informed consent

Question 15

What is the symbol for effect size?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\beta$ 
B)  $\Omega$ 
C)  ᶲ 
D)  $\pi$ 
A)  $\beta$ 
B)  $\Omega$ 
C)  ᶲ 
D)  $\pi$

Question 16

Which of the following would be helpful in reducing the chance of hypothesis-guessing on a measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  include more items on the questionnaires (The longer the measure the less chance participants will guess the purpose of the study.) 
B)  include less items on the questionnaire (The shorter the measure the less chance participants will guess the purpose of the study.) 
C)  include distractor questions to help divert attention from the true purpose of the study 
D)  increase the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the measure 
A)  include more items on the questionnaires (The longer the measure the less chance participants will guess the purpose of the study.) 
B)  include less items on the questionnaire (The shorter the measure the less chance participants will guess the purpose of the study.) 
C)  include distractor questions to help divert attention from the true purpose of the study 
D)  increase the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the measure

Question 17

Which of the following is the most accurate description of random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  using a random numbers table to generate a string of randomized digits in order to determine which participants will be selected for each experimental condition 
B)  choose all blonde participants for one group and all redheads for the other groups 
C)  have participants guess a number between 1 and 100 and put those who get it correct in one group and those who guess incorrectly in the other group 
D)  place all individuals younger than 35 years in one group and those older than 35 years in the other conditions 
A)  using a random numbers table to generate a string of randomized digits in order to determine which participants will be selected for each experimental condition 
B)  choose all blonde participants for one group and all redheads for the other groups 
C)  have participants guess a number between 1 and 100 and put those who get it correct in one group and those who guess incorrectly in the other group 
D)  place all individuals younger than 35 years in one group and those older than 35 years in the other conditions

Question 18

Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of steps in carrying out a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  proceed with manipulation, obtain informed consent, complete dependent measures 
B)  obtain informed consent, proceed with manipulation, complete dependent measures 
C)  complete dependent measures, obtain informed consent, proceed with manipulation 
D)  complete dependent measures, proceed with manipulation, obtain informed consent 
A)  proceed with manipulation, obtain informed consent, complete dependent measures 
B)  obtain informed consent, proceed with manipulation, complete dependent measures 
C)  complete dependent measures, obtain informed consent, proceed with manipulation 
D)  complete dependent measures, proceed with manipulation, obtain informed consent

Question 19

Dr. Pantoja conducted a chi-square test of independence between conditions to determine if the distribution among 175 participants was as expected. Dr. Pantoja was studying sleep cycles for various age groups with and without sleep apnea. Dr. Pantoja's results did not yield a significant result. Which of the following would be the most accurate results write-up for a chi-square test of independence?

Accepted Answer

A)  d(3, 175) = 11.83, p = .01 
B) $\chi$2(3, 175) = 11.83, p = .55, ᶲ = .30 
C)  $\chi$2 (3, 175) = 11.83, p = .01, eta2 = .22 
D)  F(3, 200) = 11.83, p = .42, eta2 = .02 
A)  d(3, 175) = 11.83, p = .01 
B) $\chi$2(3, 175) = 11.83, p = .55, ᶲ = .30 
C)  $\chi$2 (3, 175) = 11.83, p = .01, eta2 = .22 
D)  F(3, 200) = 11.83, p = .42, eta2 = .02

Question 20

_____ is a statistical test in which both variables are categorical. This test generally tells us if the distribution of participants across categories is different from what would be expected.

Accepted Answer

A)  Exploratory analysis 
B)  An a priori test 
C)  A chi-square test of independence 
D)  And independent samples t test 
A)  Exploratory analysis 
B)  An a priori test 
C)  A chi-square test of independence 
D)  And independent samples t test

Dr. Raymond is lecturing on various statistical analyses in class. She notes the definition for exploratory analyses as:

Dr. Crouse made specific predictions in the development phase of his study regarding which comparisons between conditions would yield significant results. Dr. Crouse conducted _____ to produce such data.

The independent variable (IV) is the variable in a research design that is:

Mr. McGrew is interested in the various types of butterflies throughout the United States. He is most interested in the differences among butterflies with origins in New England, the gulf states, the midwestern states, and the western states. Mr. McGrew is using a:

Sabina wishes to use multiple strategies including self-report, interview, and a behavioral measure to answer her research question regarding alcohol use among teenagers. Sabina will most likely be employing:

Dr. Balin is interested in studying the association between food preferences among 5-year-old to 55-year-old males and females, specifically examining four different levels of food preferences: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Dr. Balin is likely to find what type of relationship?

In a 2008 study investigating whether direct experiences with flooding influence risk perception found:

Typically, following the completion of a study, participants are ____________ regarding the true purpose of the study.

The dependent variable must be _____ in order to conduct an ANOVA.

It is very common for manipulation check questions to be embedded within the _____ on a follow-up questionnaire.

What is the symbol for effect size?

Which of the following would be helpful in reducing the chance of hypothesis-guessing on a measure?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of random assignment?

Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of steps in carrying out a study?

_____ is a statistical test in which both variables are categorical. This test generally tells us if the distribution of participants across categories is different from what would be expected.

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Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

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a Statistical Tools for Answering Research Questions

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Exam 9: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Dr. Raymond is lecturing on various statistical analyses in class. She notes the definition for exploratory analyses as:

Dr. Crouse made specific predictions in the development phase of his study regarding which comparisons between conditions would yield significant results. Dr. Crouse conducted _____ to produce such data.

The independent variable (IV) is the variable in a research design that is:

Mr. McGrew is interested in the various types of butterflies throughout the United States. He is most interested in the differences among butterflies with origins in New England, the gulf states, the midwestern states, and the western states. Mr. McGrew is using a:

Sabina wishes to use multiple strategies including self-report, interview, and a behavioral measure to answer her research question regarding alcohol use among teenagers. Sabina will most likely be employing:

Dr. Balin is interested in studying the association between food preferences among 5-year-old to 55-year-old males and females, specifically examining four different levels of food preferences: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Dr. Balin is likely to find what type of relationship?

In a 2008 study investigating whether direct experiences with flooding influence risk perception found:

Typically, following the completion of a study, participants are ____________ regarding the true purpose of the study.

The dependent variable must be _____ in order to conduct an ANOVA.

It is very common for manipulation check questions to be embedded within the _____ on a follow-up questionnaire.

What is the symbol for effect size?

Which of the following would be helpful in reducing the chance of hypothesis-guessing on a measure?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of random assignment?

Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of steps in carrying out a study?

_____ is a statistical test in which both variables are categorical. This test generally tells us if the distribution of participants across categories is different from what would be expected.

Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pickup Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

a Statistical Tools for Answering Research Questions

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