Exam 7: Learning

Which of the following did Pavlov use as a neutral stimulus in his studies of salivation?

When grocery shopping with his mother,4-year-old Hakim sometimes throws temper tantrums if his mother refuses his requests for a particular snack food.Parent-training experts would suggest that his mother should

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called

Jill is toilet training and has learned that her mother will give her a piece of candy each time she sits on the toilet.So,Jill wants to sit on the toilet to get the candy.Jill's toilet-sitting behavior is called ________ because her intent is to produce a consequence,the candy.

Classical conditioning is most clearly biologically adaptive because it enables us to learn that the ________ predicts the onset of the _________.

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction the

Soccer instruction that reinforces short kicks before attempting to reinforce long kicks best illustrates the process of

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food,you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate or to the sound of music you heard there.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on associative learning.

Alex was paid $100 for eight hours of work.The money was a(n)

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

Former crack cocaine users often feel a drug craving when they are again in places they associate with previous highs.Their reactions are best explained in terms of

We are most likely to imitate the behavior of models if we observe that their actions are

Myron quit gambling after he lost more than one thousand dollars betting on horse races.This best illustrates the effects of

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses is a ________ schedule.

Behaviorism was the view that psychology should scientifically study behavior without reference to

Zach is punished for swearing at home but reinforced for swearing on the school playground.This demonstrates a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Because Saleem was spanked on several occasions for biting electric cords,he no longer does so.Saleem's behavior change best illustrates the value of

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between