Question 1

Stacey has a migraine headache and takes medicine to relieve the pain.In this case,the medicine is a

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcer. 
B)  positive reinforcer. 
C)  negative punishment. 
D)  positive punishment. 
A)  negative reinforcer. 
B)  positive reinforcer. 
C)  negative punishment. 
D)  positive punishment.

Question 2

Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning 
B)  cognitive processes 
C)  biological constraints 
D)  preparedness 
A)  latent learning 
B)  cognitive processes 
C)  biological constraints 
D)  preparedness

Question 3

Most researchers who have examined the effects of viewing televised violence conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  viewing violence takes people's minds off their own problems and thus reduces their aggressive urges. 
B)  exposure to media violence is one risk factor for increased aggression. 
C)  there is no correlation between viewing aggression and behaving aggressively. 
D)  although viewing violence is correlated with increased aggression,there is no evidence that viewing violence actually leads to aggression. 
A)  viewing violence takes people's minds off their own problems and thus reduces their aggressive urges. 
B)  exposure to media violence is one risk factor for increased aggression. 
C)  there is no correlation between viewing aggression and behaving aggressively. 
D)  although viewing violence is correlated with increased aggression,there is no evidence that viewing violence actually leads to aggression.

Question 4

A Skinner box is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive or punishing event that decreases the occurrence of certain undesirable behaviors. 
B)  "slot machine" used to study the effects of partial reinforcement on human gambling practices. 
C)  chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward. 
D)  television projection device designed for use in laboratory studies of operant conditioning. 
A)  aversive or punishing event that decreases the occurrence of certain undesirable behaviors. 
B)  "slot machine" used to study the effects of partial reinforcement on human gambling practices. 
C)  chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward. 
D)  television projection device designed for use in laboratory studies of operant conditioning.

Question 5

Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors,such as slapping and barking,that prompt people to toss them a herring.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent behavior. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  respondent behavior. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 6

We adapt to our environment by

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  preparing. 
C)  repetition. 
D)  learning. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  preparing. 
C)  repetition. 
D)  learning.

Question 7

Some teachers have reduced the disruptive classroom behavior of students by imposing a time-out following disruptive behavior.In this case,the time-out is a

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned reinforcer. 
B)  negative reinforcer. 
C)  primary reinforcer. 
D)  punishment. 
A)  conditioned reinforcer. 
B)  negative reinforcer. 
C)  primary reinforcer. 
D)  punishment.

Question 8

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A)  associative learning. 
B)  respondent behavior. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant behavior. 
A)  associative learning. 
B)  respondent behavior. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant behavior.

Question 9

For professional baseball players,swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval 
B)  variable-interval 
C)  fixed-ratio 
D)  variable-ratio 
A)  fixed-interval 
B)  variable-interval 
C)  fixed-ratio 
D)  variable-ratio

Question 10

Learning that some responses,but not others,will be punished is called

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent behavior. 
B)  secondary reinforcement. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  respondent behavior. 
B)  secondary reinforcement. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 11

Mandisa always picked up her infant daughter when she screamed because she couldn't have the toy she wanted.As a result,her daughter screams whenever she doesn't get her way.In this case,picking up the infant served as a(n)________ for screaming.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcer 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  positive reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  negative reinforcer 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  positive reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 12

James has been spanked for yelling inside his house,so he doesn't do it anymore.However,he repeatedly gets in trouble at school for yelling.In this case,spanking has

Accepted Answer

A)  taught James fear. 
B)  taught James to discriminate among situations. 
C)  suppressed the behavior. 
D)  not replaced the unwanted behavior. 
A)  taught James fear. 
B)  taught James to discriminate among situations. 
C)  suppressed the behavior. 
D)  not replaced the unwanted behavior.

Question 13

Who demonstrated that animals learn an expectancy,or an awareness,of how likely it is that a US will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kimble and Garcia 
B)  Rescorla and Wagner 
C)  Skinner and Darwin 
D)  Pavlov and Watson 
A)  Kimble and Garcia 
B)  Rescorla and Wagner 
C)  Skinner and Darwin 
D)  Pavlov and Watson

Question 14

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote

Accepted Answer

A)  taste aversion. 
B)  survival. 
C)  antisocial behavior. 
D)  prosocial behavior. 
A)  taste aversion. 
B)  survival. 
C)  antisocial behavior. 
D)  prosocial behavior.

Question 15

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Accepted Answer

A)  associative behaviors. 
B)  respondent behaviors. 
C)  operant behaviors. 
D)  unconditioned responses. 
A)  associative behaviors. 
B)  respondent behaviors. 
C)  operant behaviors. 
D)  unconditioned responses.

Question 16

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store.At first her mother granted every request,but now she does so less consistently.Research suggests that Della will

Accepted Answer

A)  soon give up asking for a treat entirely. 
B)  come to ask for a treat only occasionally. 
C)  continue to ask for a treat nearly every time she goes to the store. 
D)  ask for a treat every time her mother takes her out,even if they don't go to the grocery store. 
A)  soon give up asking for a treat entirely. 
B)  come to ask for a treat only occasionally. 
C)  continue to ask for a treat nearly every time she goes to the store. 
D)  ask for a treat every time her mother takes her out,even if they don't go to the grocery store.

Question 17

A discriminative stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A)  a behavior that operates on the environment,producing consequences. 
B)  an event or situation signaling that an operant response will be reinforced. 
C)  a behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus. 
D)  an event that strengthens the behavior it follows. 
A)  a behavior that operates on the environment,producing consequences. 
B)  an event or situation signaling that an operant response will be reinforced. 
C)  a behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus. 
D)  an event that strengthens the behavior it follows.

Question 18

Children can learn to fear the persons and places associated with their punishment.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  generalization. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  generalization.

Question 19

Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  fixed-ratio schedules. 
C)  overimitation. 
D)  prosocial behavior. 
A)  latent learning. 
B)  fixed-ratio schedules. 
C)  overimitation. 
D)  prosocial behavior.

Question 20

Megan's profane language increases in frequency when it leads to her friend's approving laughter but decreases in frequency when it leads to her parent's criticism.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent behavior. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  shaping. 
A)  respondent behavior. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  shaping.

Stacey has a migraine headache and takes medicine to relieve the pain.In this case,the medicine is a

Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Most researchers who have examined the effects of viewing televised violence conclude that

A Skinner box is a(n)

Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors,such as slapping and barking,that prompt people to toss them a herring.This best illustrates

We adapt to our environment by

Some teachers have reduced the disruptive classroom behavior of students by imposing a time-out following disruptive behavior.In this case,the time-out is a

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

For professional baseball players,swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a ________ schedule.

Learning that some responses,but not others,will be punished is called

Mandisa always picked up her infant daughter when she screamed because she couldn't have the toy she wanted.As a result,her daughter screams whenever she doesn't get her way.In this case,picking up the infant served as a(n)________ for screaming.

James has been spanked for yelling inside his house,so he doesn't do it anymore.However,he repeatedly gets in trouble at school for yelling.In this case,spanking has

Who demonstrated that animals learn an expectancy,or an awareness,of how likely it is that a US will occur?

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store.At first her mother granted every request,but now she does so less consistently.Research suggests that Della will

A discriminative stimulus is

Children can learn to fear the persons and places associated with their punishment.This best illustrates

Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate

Megan's profane language increases in frequency when it leads to her friend's approving laughter but decreases in frequency when it leads to her parent's criticism.This best illustrates

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Behavior

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

Psychology at Work

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Exam 7: Learning

Stacey has a migraine headache and takes medicine to relieve the pain.In this case,the medicine is a

Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Most researchers who have examined the effects of viewing televised violence conclude that

A Skinner box is a(n)

Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors,such as slapping and barking,that prompt people to toss them a herring.This best illustrates

We adapt to our environment by

Some teachers have reduced the disruptive classroom behavior of students by imposing a time-out following disruptive behavior.In this case,the time-out is a

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

For professional baseball players,swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a ________ schedule.

Learning that some responses,but not others,will be punished is called

Mandisa always picked up her infant daughter when she screamed because she couldn't have the toy she wanted.As a result,her daughter screams whenever she doesn't get her way.In this case,picking up the infant served as a(n)________ for screaming.

James has been spanked for yelling inside his house,so he doesn't do it anymore.However,he repeatedly gets in trouble at school for yelling.In this case,spanking has

Who demonstrated that animals learn an expectancy,or an awareness,of how likely it is that a US will occur?

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store.At first her mother granted every request,but now she does so less consistently.Research suggests that Della will

A discriminative stimulus is

Children can learn to fear the persons and places associated with their punishment.This best illustrates

Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate

Megan's profane language increases in frequency when it leads to her friend's approving laughter but decreases in frequency when it leads to her parent's criticism.This best illustrates

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Behavior

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

Psychology at Work

Filters