Exam 4: Solution Chemistry and the Hydrosphere

Solutions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid with equal concentrations and volumes are neutralized by a solution of sodium hydroxide. If it takes 25.0 mL of the sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize the hydrochloric acid, what volume of the sodium hydroxide solution does it take to neutralize each of the other two solutions? Explain.

Identify the solution below that will conduct electricity the best, and explain why you picked it. (a) 1.0 M NaCl, (b) 1.2 M KCl, (c) 1.0 M Na₂SO₄, (d) 0.75 M LiCl

Diluting 1.0 mL of a 1.0 M solution to 1000 mL results in a solution that is 0.001 M. Repeating this 1000-fold dilution process five more times results in a concentration of __________

Chalk contains calcium carbonate. What would be the best solution for cleaning a sidewalk that a preschool class covered with smiling suns, flowers, birds, rainbows, and houses using sidewalk chalk?

Tube worms that survive near geothermal vents of hydrogen sulfide rely on bacteria living inside them to obtain energy by the oxidation of H₂S to SO₄^2-. What is the overall change in the oxidation number of sulfur for this reaction?

Which of the following ionic compounds is insoluble in water?

Define the terms oxidation and reduction.

Silver salts are used in black-and-white photography. Owing to the value of silver, the ions left in developing solutions are often collected by precipitation reactions for recycling. A 4.5 L jug of a developing solution was treated with an excess of sodium chloride, and a precipitate containing 2.86 g of dry silver chloride was collected. What was the molar concentration of the silver ions in the developing solution? The net ionic equation is Ag⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) AgCl(s)

A typical adult body contains about 6.0 L of blood. The hemoglobin content is about 16 g per 100.0 mL of blood. The molar mass of hemoglobin is approximately 64,000 g/mol. (a) What is the molar concentration of hemoglobin in blood, and (b) how many moles of hemoglobin are present in a typical adult?

Hard water contains Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions and tends to form a ring in a bathtub due to its reaction with the soluble anions in soap. The formation of this insoluble material is an example of __________

In the following reactions, which element is oxidized? Cu + FeSO₄  Fe + CuSO₄

Sodium metal easily loses an electron to form the sodium ion. In this process, sodium is __________

Determine the molar concentration of an aqueous solution of lead(II) nitrate solution that is 26 ppb (parts per billion) Pb(NO₃)₂.

Why is an aqueous solution of table salt (NaCl) a good conductor of electricity but a solution containing an equal molar concentration of table sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) is not?

If there are 0.505 g of NaCl left in a beaker that originally contained 75.0 mL of saltwater, what must have been the concentration of the original solution?

The proof of liquor is defined as the percentage of ethanol it contains times two. If vodka is 80 proof, what is the solvent in vodka?

Polymers with ionic functional groups have been developed for removal of ions from water. One example is Amberlite. One form of Amberlite has the structure shown below, where the -SO₃H groups act like a weak acid. What type of ions will this polymer attract?

In a spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction between aluminum and silver ion, the aluminum(III) ion and solid silver are formed. If 0.1 mol of aluminum is consumed in this reaction, how much silver will be produced?

A 500 mg dietary supplement of L-lysine (an amino acid, 146.2 g/mol) required 68.4 mL of 0.100 M NaOH to reach the end point. How many protons were removed for each L-lysine molecule in this titration?

What is the oxidation number of P in H₂PO₄^-?