Question 1

_____ is the splitting of one lineage into two.

Accepted Answer

A) Genesis 
B) Anagenesis 
C) Phylogenesis 
D) Cladogenesis 
E) Neogenesis 
A) Genesis 
B) Anagenesis 
C) Phylogenesis 
D) Cladogenesis 
E) Neogenesis D

Question 2

The Hardy-Weinberg law (equation)is a mathematical model in which allele frequencies in populations remain constant from generation to generation.Given all the conditions that must be met for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to be valid, why is this equation useful for studying population genetics?

Accepted Answer

By specifying the ideal conditions that must be met for allele frequencies to remain constant in populations, the Hardy-Weinberg law can identify evolutionary forces that can cause changes in allele frequencies in the real world.Remember, the Hardy-Weinberg law is a model and thus, by definition, provides a simplistic view of reality, which serves as a starting point and basis for comparison for further examination and description of real populations.

Question 3

When considering the gene pool of a population, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may apply to:

Accepted Answer

A) only the entire genome but not individual loci. 
B) one locus but not necessarily another. 
C) dominant and recessive alleles, but not codominant alleles. 
D) only to the effective number of breeders. 
E) only autosomal but not X-linked loci. 
A) only the entire genome but not individual loci. 
B) one locus but not necessarily another. 
C) dominant and recessive alleles, but not codominant alleles. 
D) only to the effective number of breeders. 
E) only autosomal but not X-linked loci. B

Question 4

If there is random mating in a population and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population, what will be the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) The allele frequencies will remain the same, but the genotype distribution will change. 
B) The genotype distribution will remain the same, but the allele frequencies will change. 
C) Both the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies will change. 
D) Both the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies will remain the same. 
E) No prediction can be made about the genotype distribution and allele frequencies from one generation to the next. 
A) The allele frequencies will remain the same, but the genotype distribution will change. 
B) The genotype distribution will remain the same, but the allele frequencies will change. 
C) Both the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies will change. 
D) Both the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies will remain the same. 
E) No prediction can be made about the genotype distribution and allele frequencies from one generation to the next.

Question 5

Rapid changes in allelic frequencies by _____ take place in populations that are small.

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) natural selection 
C) inbreeding 
D) outbreeding 
E) genetic drift 
A) mutation 
B) natural selection 
C) inbreeding 
D) outbreeding 
E) genetic drift

Question 6

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _____ is considerably higher than in _____.

Accepted Answer

A) synonymous sites; nonsynonymous sites 
B) nonsynonymous sites; synonymous sites 
C) nonsynonymous sites; introns 
D) 3' untranslated regions; synonymous sites 
E) 3' untranslated regions; introns 
A) synonymous sites; nonsynonymous sites 
B) nonsynonymous sites; synonymous sites 
C) nonsynonymous sites; introns 
D) 3' untranslated regions; synonymous sites 
E) 3' untranslated regions; introns

Question 7

A population that goes through a dramatic reduction in size will experience:

Accepted Answer

A) an effective population size. 
B) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
C) a genetic rescue. 
D) a genetic bottleneck. 
E) inbreeding depression. 
A) an effective population size. 
B) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
C) a genetic rescue. 
D) a genetic bottleneck. 
E) inbreeding depression.

Question 8

Differential reproduction of genotypes leads to evolution via what process?

Accepted Answer

A) Inbreeding 
B) Natural selection 
C) Genetic rescue 
D) Genetic drift 
E) Mutational load 
A) Inbreeding 
B) Natural selection 
C) Genetic rescue 
D) Genetic drift 
E) Mutational load

Question 9

Which agent of evolution is MOST likely responsible for the decrease in the frequency of a recessive allele as shown in the graph below?

Accepted Answer

A) Genetic drift 
B) Natural selection 
C) Mutation 
D) Assortative mating 
E) Inbreeding 
A) Genetic drift 
B) Natural selection 
C) Mutation 
D) Assortative mating 
E) Inbreeding

Question 10

_____ is the product of sampling errors and chance events that may result in changes in allele frequencies.

Accepted Answer

A) Mutation 
B) Genetic drift 
C) Directional selection 
D) Inbreeding 
E) Evolution 
A) Mutation 
B) Genetic drift 
C) Directional selection 
D) Inbreeding 
E) Evolution

Question 11

The neutral-mutation hypothesis suggests all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the evolution of most genetic variation in a population is influenced by genetic drift. 
B) when natural selection is at work on protein variants, it will lead to little variation in the population. 
C) most molecular variation is adaptively neutral-for example, most protein variants are functionally equivalent. 
D) natural selection is still an important evolutionary force. 
E) genetic variation in a population is maintained mainly by natural selection. 
A) the evolution of most genetic variation in a population is influenced by genetic drift. 
B) when natural selection is at work on protein variants, it will lead to little variation in the population. 
C) most molecular variation is adaptively neutral-for example, most protein variants are functionally equivalent. 
D) natural selection is still an important evolutionary force. 
E) genetic variation in a population is maintained mainly by natural selection.

Question 12

A variation on the _____ model of speciation is when a small group of individuals colonizes an island.

Accepted Answer

A) autocratic 
B) allopatric 
C) sympatric 
D) parapatric 
E) peripatric 
A) autocratic 
B) allopatric 
C) sympatric 
D) parapatric 
E) peripatric

Question 13

How might gene duplication provide a mechanism for the addition of new genes with novel functions?

Accepted Answer

After a gene duplicates, there

Question 14

Because real-life populations are, of course, not infinitely large, why is the Hardy-Weinberg condition of an "infinitely large population" usually met for natural populations?

Accepted Answer

It is usually met because most

Question 15

Evolution can be defined as _____ change that takes place in a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) any; individual 
B) a genetic; individual 
C) any; group of organisms 
D) a genetic; group of organisms 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) any; individual 
B) a genetic; individual 
C) any; group of organisms 
D) a genetic; group of organisms 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Genetic diseases in humans are usually rare and recessive.Why are the frequencies of alleles that cause rare, recessive diseases (or other recessive traits, for that matter)generally much higher than the frequency of the diseases (or traits)themselves?

Accepted Answer

Most of the rare, recessive al

Question 17

Problems with using the biological species concept include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) it is sometimes difficult to determine if reproductive isolation exists. 
B) reproductive isolation does not apply to asexual organisms. 
C) the concept of reproductive isolation does not work for fossils. 
D) reproductive isolation is not a mechanism that ensures that species are evolving independently. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) it is sometimes difficult to determine if reproductive isolation exists. 
B) reproductive isolation does not apply to asexual organisms. 
C) the concept of reproductive isolation does not work for fossils. 
D) reproductive isolation is not a mechanism that ensures that species are evolving independently. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

One way to define _____ is any change in allele frequencies within a population.

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) natural selection 
C) equilibrium 
D) evolution 
E) sampling error 
A) mutation 
B) natural selection 
C) equilibrium 
D) evolution 
E) sampling error

Question 19

All of the following are examples of postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) a sheep adapted to mountains mating with a sheep adapted to desert, producing offspring maladapted to either habitat. 
B) two plant species flowering at different times. 
C) the hybrid offspring of two species dying before birth. 
D) the hybrid offspring of two species being sterile. 
E) the hybrid offspring of two species being fertile but their offspring being inviable or sterile. 
A) a sheep adapted to mountains mating with a sheep adapted to desert, producing offspring maladapted to either habitat. 
B) two plant species flowering at different times. 
C) the hybrid offspring of two species dying before birth. 
D) the hybrid offspring of two species being sterile. 
E) the hybrid offspring of two species being fertile but their offspring being inviable or sterile.

Question 20

A(n)_____ tree is one that contains an internal node representing the common ancestor to all other nodes in the tree.

Accepted Answer

A) gene 
B) phylogenetic 
C) outgroup 
D) most parsimonious 
E) rooted 
A) gene 
B) phylogenetic 
C) outgroup 
D) most parsimonious 
E) rooted

_____ is the splitting of one lineage into two.

The Hardy-Weinberg law (equation)is a mathematical model in which allele frequencies in populations remain constant from generation to generation.Given all the conditions that must be met for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to be valid, why is this equation useful for studying population genetics?

When considering the gene pool of a population, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may apply to:

If there is random mating in a population and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population, what will be the expected outcome?

Rapid changes in allelic frequencies by _____ take place in populations that are small.

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _ is considerably higher than in _.

A population that goes through a dramatic reduction in size will experience:

Differential reproduction of genotypes leads to evolution via what process?

Which agent of evolution is MOST likely responsible for the decrease in the frequency of a recessive allele as shown in the graph below?

_____ is the product of sampling errors and chance events that may result in changes in allele frequencies.

The neutral-mutation hypothesis suggests all of the following EXCEPT:

A variation on the _____ model of speciation is when a small group of individuals colonizes an island.

How might gene duplication provide a mechanism for the addition of new genes with novel functions?

Because real-life populations are, of course, not infinitely large, why is the Hardy-Weinberg condition of an "infinitely large population" usually met for natural populations?

Evolution can be defined as _ change that takes place in a(n)_.

Genetic diseases in humans are usually rare and recessive.Why are the frequencies of alleles that cause rare, recessive diseases (or other recessive traits, for that matter)generally much higher than the frequency of the diseases (or traits)themselves?

Problems with using the biological species concept include all of the following EXCEPT:

One way to define _____ is any change in allele frequencies within a population.

All of the following are examples of postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms EXCEPT:

A(n)_____ tree is one that contains an internal node representing the common ancestor to all other nodes in the tree.

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Filters

Exam 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics

_____ is the splitting of one lineage into two.

The Hardy-Weinberg law (equation)is a mathematical model in which allele frequencies in populations remain constant from generation to generation.Given all the conditions that must be met for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to be valid, why is this equation useful for studying population genetics?

When considering the gene pool of a population, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may apply to:

If there is random mating in a population and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population, what will be the expected outcome?

Rapid changes in allelic frequencies by _____ take place in populations that are small.

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _____ is considerably higher than in _____.

A population that goes through a dramatic reduction in size will experience:

Differential reproduction of genotypes leads to evolution via what process?

Which agent of evolution is MOST likely responsible for the decrease in the frequency of a recessive allele as shown in the graph below?

_____ is the product of sampling errors and chance events that may result in changes in allele frequencies.

The neutral-mutation hypothesis suggests all of the following EXCEPT:

A variation on the _____ model of speciation is when a small group of individuals colonizes an island.

How might gene duplication provide a mechanism for the addition of new genes with novel functions?

Because real-life populations are, of course, not infinitely large, why is the Hardy-Weinberg condition of an "infinitely large population" usually met for natural populations?

Evolution can be defined as _____ change that takes place in a(n)_____.

Genetic diseases in humans are usually rare and recessive.Why are the frequencies of alleles that cause rare, recessive diseases (or other recessive traits, for that matter)generally much higher than the frequency of the diseases (or traits)themselves?

Problems with using the biological species concept include all of the following EXCEPT:

One way to define _____ is any change in allele frequencies within a population.

All of the following are examples of postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms EXCEPT:

A(n)_____ tree is one that contains an internal node representing the common ancestor to all other nodes in the tree.

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Filters

For most protein-coding genes, the rate of substitution in _ is considerably higher than in _.

Evolution can be defined as _ change that takes place in a(n)_.