Question 1

Explain what an RFLP is.Why do RFLPs behave like "codominant" markers?

Accepted Answer

(1)RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms)are molecular markers that are detected by virtue of the differences in their DNA sequence length. (2)RFLPs are DNA sequences, and thus their detection is not dependent on the expression of a protein or RNA product.Unless the entire region that hybridizes to a probe has been deleted (highly unlikely), all genome copies (e.g., two in a diploid)of an organism will contain some sequences that will anneal to the probe and be detected.At the genomic DNA level, there is no recessiveness or dominance because the DNA itself, rather than a gene product, is being detected by the probe.

Question 2

You are given a plasmid containing a part of a gene of Drosophila melanogaster.The gene fragment is 303 base-pairs long.You would like to amplify it using PCR.You design oligonucleotide primers 19 nucleotides in length that are complementary to the plasmid sequences immediately adjacent to both ends of the cloning site.What would be the exact length of most of the resulting PCR product in base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A) 303 
B) 38 
C) 341 
D) 322 
E) 265 
A) 303 
B) 38 
C) 341 
D) 322 
E) 265 C

Question 3

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligase forms hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. 
B) DNA ligase can seal nicks between amino acids. 
C) DNA ligase recognizes and cuts at specific sequences. 
D) DNA ligase can be used for creating recombinant plasmids. 
E) DNA ligase is a requirement of a sequencing reaction. 
A) DNA ligase forms hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases. 
B) DNA ligase can seal nicks between amino acids. 
C) DNA ligase recognizes and cuts at specific sequences. 
D) DNA ligase can be used for creating recombinant plasmids. 
E) DNA ligase is a requirement of a sequencing reaction. D

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT usually used as a cloning vector in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasmid 
B) Bacteriophage l 
C) Agrobacterium Ti plasmid 
D) Bacterial artificial chromosome 
E) Cosmid 
A) Plasmid 
B) Bacteriophage l 
C) Agrobacterium Ti plasmid 
D) Bacterial artificial chromosome 
E) Cosmid

Question 5

The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis consists of a single circular chromosome that is 4, 410, 000 nucleotides in length and has a 66% (2/3)GC content.The MseI restriction enzyme cuts at a 5' TTAA 3' sequence (one DNA strand given).How many MseI sites should be present in this genome?

Accepted Answer

A) 3403 
B) 17, 227 
C) 4307 
D) 256 
E) 12, 586 
A) 3403 
B) 17, 227 
C) 4307 
D) 256 
E) 12, 586

Question 6

What is the function of dideoxynucleotides in Sanger DNA sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A) They act as primers for DNA polymerase. 
B) They act as primers for reverse transcriptase. 
C) They cut the sequenced DNA at specific sites. 
D) They allow only the specific sequencing of the RNAs of a genome. 
E) They stop synthesis at a specific site, so the base at that site can be determined. 
A) They act as primers for DNA polymerase. 
B) They act as primers for reverse transcriptase. 
C) They cut the sequenced DNA at specific sites. 
D) They allow only the specific sequencing of the RNAs of a genome. 
E) They stop synthesis at a specific site, so the base at that site can be determined.

Question 7

Briefly define and compare knock-in mice and knockout mice.

Accepted Answer

A knock-in mouse is one that carries a f

Question 8

Arabidopsis thaliana has one of the smallest genomes among higher plants with a haploid genome size of about 100 million base pairs.If this genome is completely digested with the restriction enzyme NotI that has an eight-base recognition sequence, approximately how many DNA fragments per genome will be produced?

Accepted Answer

A) 22, 540 
B) 65, 535 
C) 4, 096 
D) 1526 
E) 125 
A) 22, 540 
B) 65, 535 
C) 4, 096 
D) 1526 
E) 125

Question 9

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Coding sequences for gene products can be isolated from cDNA libraries. 
B) Antibodies are used for Northern blot analysis. 
C) The number of STR copies is variable throughout human populations. 
D) PCR amplification generates large numbers of linear DNA fragments. 
E) RNA molecules can be used as hybridization probes in Southern blot analysis. 
A) Coding sequences for gene products can be isolated from cDNA libraries. 
B) Antibodies are used for Northern blot analysis. 
C) The number of STR copies is variable throughout human populations. 
D) PCR amplification generates large numbers of linear DNA fragments. 
E) RNA molecules can be used as hybridization probes in Southern blot analysis.

Question 10

A cDNA encoding a protein that is specific for a particular strain (strain Q)of bacteria has been cloned.How would you determine whether an infection contains this particular bacterial strain?

Accepted Answer

Use the cloned DNA as a probe and perfor

Question 11

The Federal Bureau of Investigation has developed the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), which is 13 loci that are used to develop DNA fingerprints for crime solving.Which of the following characteristics is FALSE concerning these 13 loci?

Accepted Answer

A) They are unlinked so that variation at each locus can assort independently. 
B) Alleles at each locus are analyzed with Southern blotting. 
C) Each locus has multiple alleles. 
D) When all 13 loci are used together, the probability that two randomly selected people will have the same DNA fingerprint is less than one in 10 billion. 
E) The 13 loci are short tandem repeats (STRs). 
A) They are unlinked so that variation at each locus can assort independently. 
B) Alleles at each locus are analyzed with Southern blotting. 
C) Each locus has multiple alleles. 
D) When all 13 loci are used together, the probability that two randomly selected people will have the same DNA fingerprint is less than one in 10 billion. 
E) The 13 loci are short tandem repeats (STRs).

Question 12

A geneticist wishes to study the genetic basis of proline biosynthesis in yeast.She first collects as many spontaneous and induced mutations that results, as much as possible, in the inability to synthesize proline.She then investigates the molecular basis for this inability in these mutants.What type of genetic analysis is the geneticist doing?

Accepted Answer

A) Reverse genetics 
B) Positional cloning 
C) Gene cloning 
D) Forward genetics 
E) Structural genomics 
A) Reverse genetics 
B) Positional cloning 
C) Gene cloning 
D) Forward genetics 
E) Structural genomics

Question 13

mRNA can be transferred from a gel to a solid support and then a probe can be utilized to determine the size and relative abundance of this mRNA.This procedure is called:

Accepted Answer

A) reverse genetics. 
B) next-generation sequencing. 
C) Northern blotting. 
D) RNA fingerprinting. 
E) autoradiography. 
A) reverse genetics. 
B) next-generation sequencing. 
C) Northern blotting. 
D) RNA fingerprinting. 
E) autoradiography.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of using transgenic plants?

Accepted Answer

A) They can reduce the use of harmful chemical pesticides in the United States, and thus provide an ecological benefit. 
B) They can generate restriction enzyme sites on a foreign gene of interest to be cloned. 
C) They often increase yields, providing more food per acre and reducing the amount of land needed for agricultural use. 
D) They can allow crops to be grown on land previously unavailable for productive agricultural use. 
E) They can be used to express large quantities of specific biological products more cheaply and quickly than by expression in animal systems. 
A) They can reduce the use of harmful chemical pesticides in the United States, and thus provide an ecological benefit. 
B) They can generate restriction enzyme sites on a foreign gene of interest to be cloned. 
C) They often increase yields, providing more food per acre and reducing the amount of land needed for agricultural use. 
D) They can allow crops to be grown on land previously unavailable for productive agricultural use. 
E) They can be used to express large quantities of specific biological products more cheaply and quickly than by expression in animal systems.

Question 15

Antibodies are to Western blots as _____ are to Southern blots.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA 
B) proteins 
C) DNA 
D) amino acids 
E) both RNA and DNA 
A) RNA 
B) proteins 
C) DNA 
D) amino acids 
E) both RNA and DNA

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the restriction enzymes that are used in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

A) They can create blunt ends. 
B) They make double-stranded cuts in DNA. 
C) They recognize specific sequences and make cuts farther away from the recognition sequence. 
D) They are named based on their bacterial origin. 
E) They often recognize target sequences of four or six nucleotides 
A) They can create blunt ends. 
B) They make double-stranded cuts in DNA. 
C) They recognize specific sequences and make cuts farther away from the recognition sequence. 
D) They are named based on their bacterial origin. 
E) They often recognize target sequences of four or six nucleotides

Question 17

In using a cloning vector with a multiple cloning site spliced into the front part of the lacZ gene, production of beta-galactosidase, as shown by the blue color when grown on Xgal, indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A) an insert has been placed into the multiple cloning site. 
B) the cells are antibiotic sensitive. 
C) the cells lack plasmids. 
D) the cells have not been successfully transformed. 
E) there is no insert in the multiple cloning site. 
A) an insert has been placed into the multiple cloning site. 
B) the cells are antibiotic sensitive. 
C) the cells lack plasmids. 
D) the cells have not been successfully transformed. 
E) there is no insert in the multiple cloning site.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a challenge of working at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

A) Cells contain thousands of genes. 
B) Individual genes cannot be seen. 
C) It is not possible to transfer DNA in a stable form. 
D) A genome can consist of billions of base pairs. 
E) No physical features mark the beginning or end of a gene. 
A) Cells contain thousands of genes. 
B) Individual genes cannot be seen. 
C) It is not possible to transfer DNA in a stable form. 
D) A genome can consist of billions of base pairs. 
E) No physical features mark the beginning or end of a gene.

Question 19

What is the process by which MOST plasmid vectors carrying a cloned piece of DNA are taken up by host bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Transformation 
B) Phage infection 
C) Electroporation 
D) Ligation 
E) Restriction 
A) Transformation 
B) Phage infection 
C) Electroporation 
D) Ligation 
E) Restriction

Question 20

What is an expression vector, and what characteristics should it possess?

Accepted Answer

An expression vector is a cloning vector

Explain what an RFLP is.Why do RFLPs behave like "codominant" markers?

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Which of the following is NOT usually used as a cloning vector in bacteria?

The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis consists of a single circular chromosome that is 4, 410, 000 nucleotides in length and has a 66% (2/3)GC content.The MseI restriction enzyme cuts at a 5' TTAA 3' sequence (one DNA strand given).How many MseI sites should be present in this genome?

What is the function of dideoxynucleotides in Sanger DNA sequencing?

Briefly define and compare knock-in mice and knockout mice.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A cDNA encoding a protein that is specific for a particular strain (strain Q)of bacteria has been cloned.How would you determine whether an infection contains this particular bacterial strain?

The Federal Bureau of Investigation has developed the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), which is 13 loci that are used to develop DNA fingerprints for crime solving.Which of the following characteristics is FALSE concerning these 13 loci?

mRNA can be transferred from a gel to a solid support and then a probe can be utilized to determine the size and relative abundance of this mRNA.This procedure is called:

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of using transgenic plants?

Antibodies are to Western blots as _____ are to Southern blots.

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the restriction enzymes that are used in biotechnology?

In using a cloning vector with a multiple cloning site spliced into the front part of the lacZ gene, production of beta-galactosidase, as shown by the blue color when grown on Xgal, indicates that:

Which of the following is NOT a challenge of working at the molecular level?

What is the process by which MOST plasmid vectors carrying a cloned piece of DNA are taken up by host bacteria?

What is an expression vector, and what characteristics should it possess?

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

Exam 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Explain what an RFLP is.Why do RFLPs behave like "codominant" markers?

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Which of the following is NOT usually used as a cloning vector in bacteria?

The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis consists of a single circular chromosome that is 4, 410, 000 nucleotides in length and has a 66% (2/3)GC content.The MseI restriction enzyme cuts at a 5' TTAA 3' sequence (one DNA strand given).How many MseI sites should be present in this genome?

What is the function of dideoxynucleotides in Sanger DNA sequencing?

Briefly define and compare knock-in mice and knockout mice.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A cDNA encoding a protein that is specific for a particular strain (strain Q)of bacteria has been cloned.How would you determine whether an infection contains this particular bacterial strain?

The Federal Bureau of Investigation has developed the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), which is 13 loci that are used to develop DNA fingerprints for crime solving.Which of the following characteristics is FALSE concerning these 13 loci?

mRNA can be transferred from a gel to a solid support and then a probe can be utilized to determine the size and relative abundance of this mRNA.This procedure is called:

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of using transgenic plants?

Antibodies are to Western blots as _____ are to Southern blots.

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the restriction enzymes that are used in biotechnology?

In using a cloning vector with a multiple cloning site spliced into the front part of the lacZ gene, production of beta-galactosidase, as shown by the blue color when grown on Xgal, indicates that:

Which of the following is NOT a challenge of working at the molecular level?

What is the process by which MOST plasmid vectors carrying a cloned piece of DNA are taken up by host bacteria?

What is an expression vector, and what characteristics should it possess?

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters